Nature:失明者的希望!科学家成功再生成年小鼠视网膜细胞

2017-07-28 佚名 生物探索

美国华盛顿大学医学院的科学家利用斑马鱼基因成功地再生了成年小鼠的视网膜细胞。研究结果于7月26日在线发表在Nature上。他们的结果为人们有朝一日实现修复因外伤、青光眼和其他眼疾而受损的视网膜提供途径。



美国华盛顿大学医学院的科学家成功地再生了成年小鼠的视网膜细胞。他们的结果为人们有朝一日实现修复因外伤、青光眼和其他眼疾而受损的视网膜提供途径。

成年斑马鱼的视网膜可以再生

我们身体的许多组织,比如我们的皮肤,受伤是可以愈合的,因为它们含有干细胞,可以分化为修复受损组织所需的细胞类型。然而,我们的视网膜细胞缺乏这种再生能力。结果,视网膜的损伤常常导致永久性视力丧失。

然而,在斑马鱼身上却没有这种情况,因为它具有非凡的再生受损组织的能力,包括视网膜等神经组织。这可能是因为斑马鱼视网膜的Müller细胞含有一种基因能使它们再生细胞。当这些细胞感觉到视网膜受伤了,它们会启动这一称为Ascl1的基因。

该基因编码一种转录因子,可以影响许多其他基因的活性,因此对细胞功能有重大影响。在斑马鱼的情况下,激活Ascl1能将神经胶质干细胞转变成需要修复视网膜和恢复视力的所有类型细胞。

新的研究由华盛顿大学的Tom Reh教授所领导。科学家们想看一看是否能利用这个基因重编程成年小鼠中的Müller细胞。研究人员希望能促进哺乳动物视网膜中非自然发生的再生。他们的研究结果于7月26日在线发表在Nature上。第一作者是博士生Nikolas Jorstad。

创造带有斑马鱼再生基因的小鼠

像人类一样,小鼠不能修复它们的视网膜。Jorstad说为了组织他们的实验,团队从斑马鱼的再生调控中获得灵感。他们创造了一个小鼠,在它的Müller细胞有一个拷贝的Ascl1基因。然后用药物他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)注射启动该基因表达。

研究团队早期的成功结果已经表明当他们激活该基因,在神经元损伤后的小鼠视网膜中,Müller细胞会分化成叫做中间神经元(interneuron)的视网膜细胞。这些细胞在视觉中起着至关重要的作用。它们接收并处理来自视网膜的光探测细胞、杆状细胞和视锥细胞的信号,并将这些信号传递给另一组细胞,这些细胞又将信息传递给大脑。


显微镜图片显示了视网膜中的Müller细胞和神经

阻断表观遗传调控能让成年小鼠视网膜再生

然而,在他们早先的研究中,研究人员发现激活这种基因只在出生后的头两周内起作用。再过些时间,小鼠就不能修复它们的视网膜了。Reh说,最初他们以为另一个转录因子参与了。最后他们发现Müller细胞再生的关键基因被结合到染色体的分子所阻碍。这是一种细胞“锁定”基因以阻止它们被激活的方法。它是表观遗传调控的一种形式,控制着基因组的运作方式和时间。

在他们的新论文中,Reh和他的同事们发现,使用药物阻断的表观遗传调控称为组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂,激活Ascl1允许成年小鼠的Müller细胞分化为功能性的。研究人员证明,这些新的中间神经元整合到现有的视网膜,建立与其它视网膜细胞的连接,并对光线检测视网膜细胞的信号反应正常。

Reh说,他的团队希望找出是否有其它因素,可以激活Müller细胞允许其再生成为视网膜的不同类型细胞。他说,如果是这样的话,就可能开发出更方便的修复视网膜损伤的治疗方法,而视网膜损伤是导致视力丧失的几种常见原因。

原始出处:

Nikolas L. Jorstad, Matthew S. Wilken, William N. Grimes, et al. Stimulation of functional neuronal regeneration from Müller glia in adult mice. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature23283.

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    2018-02-26 liye789132251
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    2017-07-30 zutt
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025720, encodeId=849b2025e20ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c314e20698' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小鼠视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47206, encryptionId=2c314e20698, topicName=小鼠视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743b215, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Mon Sep 11 15:11:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882318, encodeId=63ac1882318fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Feb 26 14:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1269919, encodeId=a3f9126991932, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=979690e33bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90733, encryptionId=979690e33bd, topicName=视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=742793, createdName=zutt, createdTime=Sun Jul 30 00:11:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227290, encodeId=511622e29028, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 17:52:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227184, encodeId=94fc22e184b9, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:40:21 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227176, encodeId=a33222e1766e, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:33:45 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227157, encodeId=c86d22e157d5, content=创造了一个小鼠,在它的Müller细胞有一个拷贝的Ascl1基因。然后用药物他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)注射启动该基因表达。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:21:44 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-28 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025720, encodeId=849b2025e20ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c314e20698' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小鼠视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47206, encryptionId=2c314e20698, topicName=小鼠视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743b215, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Mon Sep 11 15:11:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882318, encodeId=63ac1882318fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Feb 26 14:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1269919, encodeId=a3f9126991932, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=979690e33bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90733, encryptionId=979690e33bd, topicName=视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=742793, createdName=zutt, createdTime=Sun Jul 30 00:11:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227290, encodeId=511622e29028, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 17:52:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227184, encodeId=94fc22e184b9, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:40:21 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227176, encodeId=a33222e1766e, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:33:45 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227157, encodeId=c86d22e157d5, content=创造了一个小鼠,在它的Müller细胞有一个拷贝的Ascl1基因。然后用药物他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)注射启动该基因表达。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:21:44 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-28 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025720, encodeId=849b2025e20ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c314e20698' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小鼠视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47206, encryptionId=2c314e20698, topicName=小鼠视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743b215, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Mon Sep 11 15:11:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882318, encodeId=63ac1882318fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Feb 26 14:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1269919, encodeId=a3f9126991932, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=979690e33bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90733, encryptionId=979690e33bd, topicName=视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=742793, createdName=zutt, createdTime=Sun Jul 30 00:11:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227290, encodeId=511622e29028, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 17:52:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227184, encodeId=94fc22e184b9, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:40:21 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227176, encodeId=a33222e1766e, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:33:45 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227157, encodeId=c86d22e157d5, content=创造了一个小鼠,在它的Müller细胞有一个拷贝的Ascl1基因。然后用药物他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)注射启动该基因表达。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:21:44 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-28 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2025720, encodeId=849b2025e20ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2c314e20698' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#小鼠视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47206, encryptionId=2c314e20698, topicName=小鼠视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=743b215, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Mon Sep 11 15:11:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882318, encodeId=63ac1882318fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Feb 26 14:11:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1269919, encodeId=a3f9126991932, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=979690e33bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90733, encryptionId=979690e33bd, topicName=视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=742793, createdName=zutt, createdTime=Sun Jul 30 00:11:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227290, encodeId=511622e29028, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 17:52:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227184, encodeId=94fc22e184b9, content=学习学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzR8ylhYfiaoAUx2BsaYHVia1IKhG3Cg8CT84rBrn6iaVRkyAibJxBcLEXabOQ5p19vWgDe34ib5ErxNgx/0, createdBy=8a701629084, createdName=jihuaijun1112, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:40:21 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227176, encodeId=a33222e1766e, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:33:45 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=227157, encodeId=c86d22e157d5, content=创造了一个小鼠,在它的Müller细胞有一个拷贝的Ascl1基因。然后用药物他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)注射启动该基因表达。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Jul 28 09:21:44 CST 2017, time=2017-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-28 lyh994

    创造了一个小鼠,在它的Müller细胞有一个拷贝的Ascl1基因。然后用药物他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)注射启动该基因表达。

    0

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