Cell:都2018年了,青霉素研究还能发Cell?

2018-02-20 佚名 学术经纬

提到亚历山大·弗莱明爵士的名字,或许还有人感到陌生,但很少有人不知道他为人类健康做出的卓越贡献——1923年,他发现眼泪等体液中的溶菌酶有杀菌效果;1928年,他发现的青霉素(盘尼西林),更是让人类进入了抗生素时代,拯救了无数病人的生命。

提到亚历山大·弗莱明爵士的名字,或许还有人感到陌生,但很少有人不知道他为人类健康做出的卓越贡献——1923年,他发现眼泪等体液中的溶菌酶有杀菌效果;1928年,他发现的青霉素(盘尼西林),更是让人类进入了抗生素时代,拯救了无数病人的生命。

快100年过去了,在最新一期的《细胞》杂志上,来自英国纽卡斯尔大学(Newcastle University)的科学家们,将弗莱明爵士的两个重要发现完美地融合在了一起。不过,他们的发现并不是什么好消息——溶菌酶和青霉素这两种抗菌杀手,居然会联手闹出乌龙,放跑乔装打扮的细菌。

我们先来说说溶菌酶和青霉素。这两种抗菌分子都能直接作用于细菌的细胞壁。其中,溶菌酶能促使肽聚糖细胞壁的关键部分发生水解,破坏细菌的细胞壁;而青霉素作为β-内酰胺类抗生素的一员,能抑制细胞壁的合成。在低渗环境下,细菌会自发吸入外界的水分,发生膨胀,而细胞壁就好像是高压锅的“锁”,防止细菌炸裂。一旦细胞壁发生缺陷,就好像是高压锅突然失去了安全保护,细菌自然就会发生涨裂,从而死亡。



▲B.subtilis细菌肽聚糖的合成与抑制(图片来源:《细胞》)

然而人体组织与培养基不一样。研究人员们发现,在组织中,细菌往往处于一个等渗的状态。换句话说,即便它们的细胞壁被破坏了,这些细菌也不大会发生裂解。有意思的是,青霉素等β-内酰胺类抗生素并没有对此束手无策。相反,这些抗生素能用其他手段防止细菌增长,并让它们死亡。研究人员认为,这或许和氧化带来的损伤,或是细胞壁前体通路循环受阻有关。

不过,在经历了青霉素洗礼、已经奄奄一息的细菌进一步遇到溶菌酶时,居然会发生意想不到的改变——在溶菌酶的作用下,这些细菌索性脱去了细胞壁,摇身一变,进入了一种叫做“L-form”的形态。



▲本研究的图示:抗菌药并不是越多越好(图片来源:《细胞》)

先前,纽卡斯尔大学的这支团队对L-form形态的细菌有过报道。此类细菌没有细胞壁,因此青霉素或溶菌酶等通过破坏细胞壁来杀菌的方法对其不起作用。而有着此类形态的细菌在人体组织的保护下,还能够正常生长。研究人员们指出,这也是许多感染复发的潜在原因之一。

“亚历山大·弗莱明爵士的两个重要工作已经过去了90多年,每个人都以为我们对它们的工作机理已经摸得很透了,”该研究的通讯作者Jeff Errington博士说道:“但我们的研究带来了完全出乎意料的结果,这极大地增强了我们在这方面的理解,知道为什么一些患者的感染会复发。”

Errington博士指出,这项研究对于公共健康有着重要意义。尽管没有细胞壁的L-form形态让细菌看上去比较脆弱,但它们也能因此逃过许多抗生素的攻击。先前,不少研究人员只是知道此类细菌形态的存在,并不了解它们有多普及。如今,这篇发表在《细胞》上的研究,将唤起人们的警惕,并有望带来全新的抗菌药物。

原始出处:
Yoshikazu Kawai, Katarzyna Mickiewicz, Jeff Errington. Lysozyme Counteracts β-Lactam Antibiotics by Promoting the Emergence of L-Form Bacteria. Cell. Feb 15, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.021

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    2021-07-09 想要新生活

    那溶菌酶类药物有什么呢

    0

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    2018-03-26 维他命
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  4. 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23:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870464, encodeId=857f18e04644e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon Aug 27 14:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1459291, encodeId=497b145929148, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc899065bc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#青霉素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99065, encryptionId=2cc899065bc, topicName=青霉素)], attachment=null, 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ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289607, encodeId=0ef728960e8e, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:54:02 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289590, encodeId=ee9f2895900b, content=学习一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:29:40 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289549, encodeId=ca56289549ab, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 00:50:56 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289503, encodeId=fa0428950328, content=学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 20:31:43 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-22 sunyl09
  5. 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createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:29:40 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289549, encodeId=ca56289549ab, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 00:50:56 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289503, encodeId=fa0428950328, content=学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 20:31:43 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-21 忠诚向上

    努力学习.好好看下

    0

  6. 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ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289607, encodeId=0ef728960e8e, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:54:02 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289590, encodeId=ee9f2895900b, content=学习一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:29:40 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289549, encodeId=ca56289549ab, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 00:50:56 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289503, encodeId=fa0428950328, content=学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 20:31:43 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-21 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解.学习学习

    0

  7. 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createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:29:40 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289549, encodeId=ca56289549ab, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 00:50:56 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289503, encodeId=fa0428950328, content=学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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    2018-02-21 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

  8. 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createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:29:40 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289549, encodeId=ca56289549ab, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 00:50:56 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289503, encodeId=fa0428950328, content=学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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    2018-02-21 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

    0

  9. 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ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289607, encodeId=0ef728960e8e, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:54:02 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289590, encodeId=ee9f2895900b, content=学习一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 06:29:40 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289549, encodeId=ca56289549ab, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 00:50:56 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289503, encodeId=fa0428950328, content=学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 20:31:43 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-21 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

  10. 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    2018-02-20 天地飞扬

    学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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