Nat Biotech:针对肿瘤抗原异质性问题,提出CAR-T与BiTEs联合的免疫疗法,产生强有力的特异性抗肿瘤效应

2019-07-29 小飞飞 BioArt

肿瘤免疫疗法是一种强有力的肿瘤治疗手段,目前主要包括两大类,一是免疫检查点阻断疗法,通过释放免疫系统的刹车器来提高自身对肿瘤的杀伤力;另一种嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptors,CAR)T细胞疗法,通过改造T细胞提高其对肿瘤细胞的抗原识别和杀伤能力。同时还有一种免疫疗法也值得关注,双特异性抗体(bispecific T-cell engager, BiTE)治疗,Bi

肿瘤免疫疗法是一种强有力的肿瘤治疗手段,目前主要包括两大类,一是免疫检查点阻断疗法,通过释放免疫系统的刹车器来提高自身对肿瘤的杀伤力;另一种嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptors,CAR)T细胞疗法,通过改造T细胞提高其对肿瘤细胞的抗原识别和杀伤能力。同时还有一种免疫疗法也值得关注,双特异性抗体(bispecific T-cell engager, BiTE)治疗,BiTE抗体分子由两种单克隆抗体的单链可变结构域(single-chain fragment variables; scFvs)组成,分别可特异性识别靶细胞表面的抗原和T细胞表面的CD3分子,BiTE在结合靶细胞表面抗原和T细胞的CD3之后,可激活多克隆的细胞毒性T细胞的增殖,发挥细胞毒性作用进而杀伤靶细胞,且这种细胞毒性作用只依赖于靶细胞的存在与否,而不依赖TCR的特异性,共刺激分子或者抗原提呈的存在与否。BiTE也是肿瘤免疫治疗的有效手段之一,但和CART疗法类似,两者在血液系统肿瘤方面治疗比较有效,但对实体肿瘤的作用有限,如何提高CART或BiTE在实体瘤中的疗法是值得研究的问题。

2019年7月22日,来自美国哈佛大学医学院麻省总医院的Marcela V. Maus团队在Nature Biotechnology上发表题为CAR-T cells secreting BiTEs circumvent antigen escape without detectable toxicity的文章,从胶质母细胞瘤 (glioblastoma, GBM) 模型入手,通过对CAR-T细胞的基因改造发现,由CAR-T细胞分泌的BiTEs能产生强有力的特异性抗肿瘤效应。

胶质母细胞瘤(Glioblastoma , GBM) 是最常见的脑部恶性肿瘤,同时也是致死率最高的。目前对胶质母细胞瘤的治疗有手术、放疗和化疗,但这些都只产生了部分疗效,且具有较强的毒副作用。一些针对GBM的CART免疫治疗试验正在进行,但由于GBM肿瘤抗原的异质性效果并不稳定。Marcela V. Maus团队前期也以表皮生长因子致癌突变EGFRvIII为靶点设计CAR-T细胞,在临床试验中,研究团队发现外周血回输CART-EGFRvIII可导致病人表达EGFRvIII肿瘤胶质母细胞的减少,但是表达野生型EGFR的肿瘤细胞依然存在。

为解决肿瘤抗原异质性问题,提高机体对GBM的抗肿瘤效应,Marcela V. Maus团队在CART-EGFRvIII中引入抗野生型EGFR的BiTE(CART.BiTE)。研究团队以第二代CART-EGFRvIII为骨架,设计了两种CART.BiTE,两种BiTEs分别抗野生型EGFR或CD19,其中后者作为阴性对照,研究团队在体外证实设计改造CART分泌的BiTEs能结合相应靶标抗原上。

之后研究人员在NSG免疫缺陷小鼠脑中注入EGFRvIII阳性和野生型 U87胶质瘤细胞,构建EGFR抗原异质性GBM肿瘤模型。与对照组相比,小鼠脑室内注射CART-EGFRvIII.BiTE-EGFR细胞实验组中,肿瘤细胞的生长明显降低。随后研究团队通过一系列的体外和小鼠模型试验,机制水平上发现CAR-T细胞分泌的BiTEs可以招募到旁观T细胞(未转导CART.BiTEs 的T细胞),并促进其发挥抗肿瘤功能。同时,BiTEs和CARs的共同刺激可使转导CART.BiTEs的T细胞更多向Tcm发育,且表达更低水平的衰竭分子如PD-1,TIM-3和LAG-3,CARs和BiTEs起到协同抗肿瘤作用。同时利用人皮肤异体移植试验,研究人员发现与CART-EGFR相比,CART-EGFRvIII.BiTE-EGFR组T细胞在组织中的浸润更少,展示了CART-EGFRvIII.BiTE-EGFR一定的安全性。

图2 CAR.BiTE作用示意图。与传统的CAR-EGFRvIII只识别EGFRvIII阳性肿瘤相比,CART-EGFRvIII.BiTE-EGFR不仅可以识别EGFRvIII阳性肿瘤还可以识别野生型EGFR阳性肿瘤细胞,同时也可招募旁观T细胞进一步发挥抗肿瘤效应。

总之,本研究将CARs和BiTEs两种肿瘤免疫疗法结合起来,并在临床前试验证实了其具有良好的抗肿瘤效果,为今后的抗肿瘤免疫疗法的基础研究和临床试验都提供了不错思路和基础。

原始出处:
Choi BD1,2, Yu X1, Castano AP1, et al.CAR-T cells secreting BiTEs circumvent antigen escape without detectable toxicity.Nat Biotechnol. 2019 Jul 22. doi: 10.1038/s41587-019-0192-1. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2019-11-11 liye789132251
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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3492, encryptionId=d774349226, topicName=BiTEs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e3fb2500073, createdName=124987cdm26暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 09 11:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1918783, encodeId=263c1918e83a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=12, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Sep 07 00:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798049, encodeId=86a31e9804978, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82d96e956d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#特异性抗肿瘤效应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67956, encryptionId=82d96e956d7, topicName=特异性抗肿瘤效应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d81c2500028, createdName=12498561m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Jun 01 01:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1985521, encodeId=3e231985521b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e81482944a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤抗原#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82944, encryptionId=e81482944a0, topicName=肿瘤抗原)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/385F510BDFE0F55A4FFDFDFFD9892943/100, createdBy=a3262500163, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Sat Feb 01 08:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506203, encodeId=b8c515062037c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f8ec34917a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BiTE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3491, encryptionId=f8ec34917a, topicName=BiTE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9db9724123, createdName=gdsun, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 00:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-06-12 cathymary
  4. 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createdBy=a3262500163, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Sat Feb 01 08:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506203, encodeId=b8c515062037c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f8ec34917a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BiTE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3491, encryptionId=f8ec34917a, topicName=BiTE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9db9724123, createdName=gdsun, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 00:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-08 shock_melon
  5. 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createdBy=a3262500163, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Sat Feb 01 08:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506203, encodeId=b8c515062037c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f8ec34917a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BiTE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3491, encryptionId=f8ec34917a, topicName=BiTE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9db9724123, createdName=gdsun, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 00:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-01-11 仁者大医
  6. 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createdBy=a3262500163, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Sat Feb 01 08:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506203, encodeId=b8c515062037c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f8ec34917a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BiTE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3491, encryptionId=f8ec34917a, topicName=BiTE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9db9724123, createdName=gdsun, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 00:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1899316, encodeId=8ded18993163f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f746e94170' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#特异性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67941, encryptionId=6f746e94170, topicName=特异性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc7a157, createdName=jinweidong, createdTime=Wed May 20 11:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883804, encodeId=7d27188380416, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Nov 11 01:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927713, encodeId=1833192e71393, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a59234e3b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biotech#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3473, encryptionId=a59234e3b4, topicName=Biotech)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=226a143, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Fri Jun 12 00:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652357, encodeId=d3bb165235e26, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3492, encryptionId=d774349226, topicName=BiTEs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e3fb2500073, createdName=124987cdm26暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Feb 09 11:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1918783, encodeId=263c1918e83a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=12, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Sep 07 00:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798049, encodeId=86a31e9804978, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82d96e956d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#特异性抗肿瘤效应#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67956, encryptionId=82d96e956d7, topicName=特异性抗肿瘤效应)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d81c2500028, createdName=12498561m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Jun 01 01:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1985521, encodeId=3e231985521b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e81482944a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤抗原#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82944, encryptionId=e81482944a0, topicName=肿瘤抗原)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/385F510BDFE0F55A4FFDFDFFD9892943/100, createdBy=a3262500163, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Sat Feb 01 08:37:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506203, encodeId=b8c515062037c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f8ec34917a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BiTE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3491, encryptionId=f8ec34917a, topicName=BiTE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a9db9724123, createdName=gdsun, createdTime=Wed Jul 31 00:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-09-07 sunylz
  8. 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  9. 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  10. 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    2019-07-31 gdsun

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