胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤1例报道

2018-05-17 潘笑逸 宋红梅 李剑剑 中国实验诊断学

胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤(DNT或DNET)是一种属于少见的神经元和神经胶质混合性肿瘤,1993年被WHO收人神经系统肿瘤新分类(WHOI级)。常见于儿童和青少年,临床以药物难以控制性癫痫为主要特征,外科手术治疗效果好,术后无需放疗和化疗。国内于2004年首次正式报道,由于对DNT认识不足,且发病率较低,在临床工作中,易被误诊为囊肿、脑软化灶或低级别星形细胞瘤,因此熟悉并掌握其临床和影像学特征对

【病例摘要】

胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤(DNT或DNET)是一种属于少见的神经元和神经胶质混合性肿瘤,1993年被WHO收人神经系统肿瘤新分类(WHOI级)。常见于儿童和青少年,临床以药物难以控制性癫痫为主要特征,外科手术治疗效果好,术后无需放疗和化疗。国内于2004年首次正式报道,由于对DNT认识不足,且发病率较低,在临床工作中,易被误诊为囊肿、脑软化灶或低级别星形细胞瘤,因此熟悉并掌握其临床和影像学特征对DNT的诊断和治疗非常重要。我科收治1例,术后随访1年,疗效满意,现报告如下。

【一般资料】

患者,女性,18岁

【主诉】

间断性癫痫发作11年,因频繁发作1个月入院。

【现病史】

当地多家医院均诊断为癫痫,给予多种抗癫痫药物联合使用,癫痫控制不理想。

【体格检查】

神经系统检查无阳性体征,头部MRI检查示,左侧顶枕叶片状异常信号影,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,压水压脂像呈高及低信号影;病灶内见结节状异常强化影,周边病灶未见强化,周边无水肿,中线结构居中,邻近颅骨受压变薄,略向外凸起。

【治疗】

入院后给与口服奧卡西平,每日600mg。24h视频脑电监测(v-EEG)提示,双侧前头部大量棘慢波放电,左侧半球明显。脑电监测期间癫痫发作1次,癫痫发作形式:意识丧失,双眼发直,头眼向右侧极度偏转,继发四肢强直,阵挛发作,牙关紧闭,持续3分钟左右缓解。全麻下行枕部开颅肿瘤切除术,术中见肿瘤呈灰白色胶冻样,部分呈淡褐色,质地软,血运不丰富,边界欠清。术中皮层脑电监测提示,肿瘤周边胶质增生带和受压脑组织棘波放电明显,而且肿瘤周边存在部分皮质发育不良,考虑这些是重要致痫区,于是扩大切除,将肿瘤及周边致痫区一并切除,再次皮层脑电监测提示棘波放电消失。术后病理回报为胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤(复合型,WHOI级),伴局灶性皮层发育不良。术后随访12个月,2次头MRI检查均未见肿瘤残留和复发。脑电图复查大致正常,仍给与口服奥卡西平(600mg/日)。术后病人恢复良好,未再有癫痫发作。


图1  头部MRI平扫和增强检查。左侧顶枕叶片状异常信号影,T1WI呈低信号(a),T2WI呈高信号(b),病灶内见结节状异常强化影,周边病灶未见强化,周边无水肿,邻近脑组织向外彭隆,颅骨受压变薄(c)。

【讨论】

DNT在临床上比较少见,1988年法国病理学家DaumasDuport首次报道。DNT好发于儿童和青少年,发病率约0.5%至0.8%,临床表现以药物难治性癫痫为主要表现,肿瘤主要位于颞叶,其次额顶枕叶、小脑、胼胝体等部位也有报道。目前公认的诊断标准为:①20岁之前发病;②主要表现为药物难治性癫痫,以复杂部分发作性癫痫为主,伴或不伴继发性癫痫大发作;③无进行性神经功能缺陷;④MRI能清晰显示皮层的病变结构,肿瘤周围无水肿、无占位效应。DNT易和脑软化灶、星形细胞瘤等混淆,但在影像学上有其特殊的表现,①病变呈三角形、楔形或扇形,基底位于皮层,皮层处最大,尖端指向脑室,且深径大于宽径,可能与神经胶质纤维通路呈放射状分布有关;②肿瘤呈T1WI低了2WI高信号影,与囊肿类似,可能与肿瘤富含黏液基质有关,但瘤内无坏死成分,典型时呈多囊改变;③肿瘤内有时分隔,病理证实为大量薄壁分枝状血管存在,分隔可强化。④肿瘤不强化,内部有时可见结节样不均匀强化影,考虑为局部胶质结节;⑤瘤周无水肿、无占位效应,临近颅骨有时受压变薄向外隆起,提示为良性长期病变;⑥病灶周边常伴脑皮质发育不良。手术切除是唯一有效的治疗方法,现在观点认为肿瘤周边皮质发育不良,胶质细胞增生和受压的脑组织是导致癫痫发作的主要原因。因此术中应在皮层脑电监测下,将肿瘤和周边致痫区完整切除,对术后有效控制癫痫发作极为关键。术中皮层脑电监测具有灵敏度高、定位准确等特点,还可实时监测,术中可根据皮层脑电监测结果制定手术切除的范围,并及时判定致痫灶是否完全切除。本病例术前头皮24小时脑电监测提示为全脑异常放电,并未判定致痫灶,而术中皮层脑电监测帮助我们确定致痫灶,准确完整切除病灶,术后病人癫痫发作得到了有效控制。总之,以往观点认为DNT是一种静止性趋于良性病变,手术效果好,术后不复发,也无恶性转化趋势,不需放化疗。但近年有极个别DNT术后恶变的病例报道,需引起高度关注。另外有的DNT影像学易与脑囊肿、脑软化灶等相混淆,延误治疗,因此正确诊断DNT十分关键。

原始出处:

潘笑逸, 宋红梅, 李剑剑,等. 胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤1例报道[J]. 中国实验诊断学, 2017, 21(7):1199-1200.

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    2018-05-19 ailian1202
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2081842, encodeId=29ac20818423c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b0c2003412' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上皮肿瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20034, encryptionId=9b0c2003412, topicName=上皮肿瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4736501, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 15:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1801640, encodeId=8618180164070, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c39ee4138ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经上皮#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74138, encryptionId=c39ee4138ec, topicName=神经上皮)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2fe4321, createdName=lifangping, createdTime=Fri Sep 07 19:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315391, encodeId=006b1315391df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Sat May 19 02:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347299, encodeId=09d7134e29980, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Sat May 19 02:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1567968, encodeId=e7c9156e968fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7a833e94079' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育不良#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37940, encryptionId=7a833e94079, topicName=发育不良)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30b515313716, createdName=villahu, createdTime=Sat May 19 02:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=316210, encodeId=08bc31621047, content=少见了.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCclExeQ6LOGMD4dTsia4Ty4HtZCxRmG5vO5XIKfKX3a3vusfhHSej4Iib517vmhFW7RQgh7bpDp1yw/0, createdBy=50951609779, createdName=baihao215, createdTime=Fri May 18 06:45:38 CST 2018, time=2018-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=316022, encodeId=db893160225e, content=棒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a4932112798, createdName=1871f9015am, createdTime=Thu May 17 15:16:49 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-19 neurowu
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2081842, encodeId=29ac20818423c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b0c2003412' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上皮肿瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20034, encryptionId=9b0c2003412, topicName=上皮肿瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4736501, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 15:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1801640, encodeId=8618180164070, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c39ee4138ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经上皮#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74138, encryptionId=c39ee4138ec, topicName=神经上皮)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2fe4321, createdName=lifangping, createdTime=Fri Sep 07 19:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315391, encodeId=006b1315391df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Sat May 19 02:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347299, encodeId=09d7134e29980, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Sat May 19 02:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1567968, encodeId=e7c9156e968fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7a833e94079' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育不良#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37940, encryptionId=7a833e94079, topicName=发育不良)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30b515313716, createdName=villahu, createdTime=Sat May 19 02:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=316210, encodeId=08bc31621047, content=少见了.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCclExeQ6LOGMD4dTsia4Ty4HtZCxRmG5vO5XIKfKX3a3vusfhHSej4Iib517vmhFW7RQgh7bpDp1yw/0, createdBy=50951609779, createdName=baihao215, createdTime=Fri May 18 06:45:38 CST 2018, time=2018-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=316022, encodeId=db893160225e, content=棒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a4932112798, createdName=1871f9015am, createdTime=Thu May 17 15:16:49 CST 2018, time=2018-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2018-05-18 baihao215

    少见了.学习了

    0

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    2018-05-17 1871f9015am

    0

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