JAACAP:看好你的孩子,十分之一的学龄前儿童有自杀念头和行为

2015-11-27 MedSci MedSci原创

新研究表明大约有十分之一的儿童(最小年龄3岁)可能有自杀意念或暗示性行为,其中大约有四分之三的儿童持续到童年中期可能有自杀意念或暗示性行为,尤其对于那些有抑郁或外化障碍的儿童来说情况更为明显。

新研究表明大约有十分之一的儿童(最小年龄3岁)可能有自杀意念或暗示性行为,其中大约有四分之三的儿童持续到童年中期可能有自杀意念或暗示性行为,尤其对于那些有抑郁或外化障碍的儿童来说情况更为明显。

尽管幼儿的自杀认知和行为的意义还不清楚,临床研究结果显示幼年儿童存在自杀意念和行为是一个重要的不应该被忽视的现象。

研究结果表明临床医生可能需要开始询问幼年儿童尤其是早发性精神障碍患儿是否存在自杀观念和自杀行为。虽然不切实的知道什么自杀观念和自杀行为在幼年儿童意味着什么,幼年儿童出现自杀观念和自杀行为可能是遇险信号,临床医师应该认真对待。该研究发表在11月的Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry。

重要的和切实的预测因素


研究人员检查了306名儿童参加前瞻性纵向学龄前抑郁症研究的自杀认知和自杀行为(SI)的关联和后果。

年龄3-7岁的儿童和他们的父母完成基线评估。当儿童年龄增长到7-12岁岁时,进行至少一次随访评估。研究发现许多儿童存在幼儿期抑郁和其他形式的精神病理学问题。

基线评估发现34例(11%)幼儿存在自杀意念和自杀行为,学龄期随访评估(大约4年后)发现其中有25例(75%)儿童持续经历自杀意念和自杀行为。

研究表明幼儿期自杀意念和行为是学龄期儿童存在自杀意念和行为的一个重要的、可靠地预测因素。因为儿童如果在3-7岁存在自杀意念和行为,他们在学龄期继续报告存在自杀意念和行为的概率增大到了3倍。在控制既往和现在的精神病诊断、人口学因素和精神病理学因素后,研究结果仍然成立。

幼年自杀意念和自杀行为在男孩中更常见,与多种精神病理学问题高度相关,与孕产妇或企图自杀家族史无关。幼儿存在自杀意念和行为也与注意缺陷/多动障碍和ODD/CD(oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder,对立违抗性障碍/品行障碍)相关。

这项研究的一个重要限制是样本量较小。此外招募儿童受试者的基础是他们患有明显的抑郁症状,因此有更少的精神病理症状的幼儿的患病率可能高于预期。自杀意念和行为信息主要依赖父母的报告,这种方法也存在一些缺点包括报告者偏倚。

研究发现一些年龄只有3岁或比较大一些的儿童经历痛苦和绝望,在某种程度上足够促使这些儿童表达希望死去的意念或试图伤害自己。尽管有这些限制,有专家发表评论说研究结果很惊人,而且令人不安。

Tulane大学医学院Charles H. Zeanah博士介绍,表达自杀意念和实施自杀行为的儿童的数量比预计可能存在的数量要多。但临床医生最关心的是自杀行为对幼儿的意义,这个调查不能说明。

Dr Whalen没有相关的财务关系。一位合著者担任辉瑞、安进、罗氏、武田工作顾问。

原文出处:

1. 1 in 10 Preschoolers Have Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors. Medscape Medical News. November
24, 2015.

2.Diana J Whalen, Katherine Dixon-Gordon,Andrew C. Belden, et all. Correlates and Consequences of Suicidal Cognitions and Behaviors in Children Ages 3 to 7 Years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;54:884-885, 926-937.

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    2016-02-20 lishizhe
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    2016-09-29 smlt2008
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    2015-11-29 三三五五

    震惊

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