Nature:FOX转录因子突变方式诠释前列腺癌治疗新靶点

2019-06-28 苏煜静 生物探索

基因突变是物种不断进化的动力泉源,与此同时基因突变也可能导致癌症。人体中基因变异的方式各有不同,如今密歇根大学罗盖尔癌症中心的研究人员发现了基因突变的三种方式。该研究结果发表在《Nature》杂志上。

基因突变是物种不断进化的动力泉源,与此同时基因突变也可能导致癌症。人体中基因变异的方式各有不同,如今密歇根大学罗盖尔癌症中心的研究人员发现了基因突变的三种方式。该研究结果发表在《Nature》杂志上。

FOXA1是转录因子FOX家族中的一员。在人类基因组中有50个FOX基因,FOX转录因子在生物的进化和发展过程中起到调节作用。FOXA1更是与多种癌症并与前列腺癌、乳腺癌癌等癌症相关。

人们曾经在前列腺癌中发现FOXA1发生过突变,但其生物学功能尚不清楚。科学家们还不确定FOXA1是一种致癌基因还是一种抑制肿瘤的基因。搞清楚基因突变方式对寻找癌症治疗方式以及理解不同患者对治疗有着不同反应有着重要的意义。



主要研究者(从左至右依次为Xuhong Cao,Arul Chinnaiyan,Dan Robinson)
 图片来源:密歇根大学罗杰尔癌症中心

密歇根大学分子和细胞病理学研究生Abhijit Parolia表示:“我们发现相同的基因可以通过三种不同的方式转化为致癌基因。一种方式就是在细胞核内快速移动;另一种方式是与染色质紧密结合;还有一种方式就是无限扩大。”

研究人员发现FOXA1以这三种不同的方式进行突变,从而诱发前列腺癌。他们根据基因突变的特点他们分为“快”、“猛”、“响”。

速度的较量

第一种突变的特点在于速度。如司机在市区道路上高速行驶,超速行驶的代价就是出现车祸现场。同样,FOXA1转录因子在DNA中的传播速度更快,这就诱发雄激素受体激活促癌基因的表达。这些突变往往出现在前列腺癌早期。



激情的表达

第二类突变方式有些狂暴。这种突变会与DNA紧密结合,使得癌症具有侵略破坏性。这种突变导致部分FOXA1分子被切断。这个截短的分子与DNA紧密地结合在一起,阻止了正常的FOXA1结合。这些突变存在于致死激素治疗抗性前列腺癌中,并促进癌症扩散到远处。



“声”高盖主

第三类突变方式就是抢占“C位”不断壮大。FOXA1基因组位置不断进行重新复杂的排列,造成FOXA1或其他致癌基因过度表达。换句话说,扩增的致癌基因以生物学上能听到的最大音量工作。这可能发生在早期和转移性癌症中。



Rogel癌症中心的研究小组现在除了对三种新的FOXA1突变进行分类外,还明确了FOXA1作为致癌基因驱动因子的作用。

第一种突变与第二种突变是相互排斥的,但是第三种突变方式既能够单独存在,也可以与其它两种突变共同发生。

密歇根大学医学病理学教授Arul M.Chinnaiyan说:“癌基因往往更容易开发治疗方法,因为在理论上我们可以用靶向药物阻断它们。然而,FOXA1是一个具有挑战性的靶点,因为它是一种转录因子,一种众所周知难以用小分子抑制的蛋白质。现在,科学家正在开发创新的策略,以追求这些‘不可用药’的目标。”

原始出处:
Elizabeth J. Adams, Wouter R. Karthaus, Elizabeth Hoover, et al. FOXA1 mutations alter pioneering activity, differentiation and prostate cancer phenotypes. Nature. 26 June 2019

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    2020-04-16 liye789132251
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    2019-12-15 mjldent
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    2019-06-30 lsndxfj
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    2019-06-28 misszhang

    前列腺癌相关研究,学习了,谢谢梅斯

    0

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    2019-06-28 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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