BMJ:政府政策支持的减少钠摄入量策略成本效益如何?

2017-01-11 xing.T MedSci原创

【】BMJ:政府政策支持的降低钠摄入量策略成本效益如何?

最近,顶级医学期刊 BMJ 上发表了一篇研究文章,研究者旨在量化全球183个国家为减少钠摄入量相关的政府政策、结合有针对性的产业协议和公共教育的成本效益。
 
该研究作为一项全球性建模研究,共有183个国家参与,纳入了各国人口中的成年人口。仿照最近成功的英国研究计划,“柔性调节”的国家政策包括有针对性的产业协议、政府监督和公共教育,以减少人群钠的摄入量。


考虑到不同的国家效果的异质性,研究者对一系列的情况进行了评估,包括10年间钠摄入量减少达到10%、30%、0.5克/天和1.5克/天。研究者对全球钠摄入量、血压水平、钠对血压的影响、血压对心血管疾病的影响,以及2010年183个国家心血管疾病的发病率,按照年龄和性别进行了分析。

采用世界卫生组织非传染性疾病成本计算工具估算特定国家的的钠摄入量减少政策的成本。研究人员采用比较风险评估模型来评估特定国家对死亡率和伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)的影响。研究者只评估了程序性成本,并不包括预防事件的潜在医疗储蓄,这就提供了相对保守的成本效益估计。
 
该研究的主要结局指标为成本效益比值,该比值通过10年期间每DALY节约了美元兑换调整后的购买力(相当于特定国家的购买力为多少美元)来评估。
 
在世界范围内,10年间每个国家钠摄入量减少10%预计每年可以避免大约580万心血管疾病相关的DALYs,在10年的干预期间人口加权的平均成本为人均1.13美元。人口加权的平均成本效益比值约为204美元/DALY。在世界九个地区,钠摄入量的减少的估计成本效益最佳的是南亚(为116美元/DALY);在世界30个人口最多的国家,乌兹别克斯坦(为26.08美元/DALY)和缅甸(为33.30美元/DALY)最佳。成本效益最低的是澳大利亚/新西兰(为880美元/DALY,或0.02×人均国内生产总值(GDP)),但仍远远好于成本效益的标准阈值(<3×人均GDP)或高成本效益(<1×人均GDP)的干预措施。世界上绝大多数(96%)的成年人口生活在这种干预的成本效益比值<0.1×人均GDP的国家,并且99.6%的国家成本效益比值<1×人均GDP。
 
由此可见,即使不考虑潜在的医疗储蓄,以减少人群钠摄入量的、包括有针对性的产业协议、政府监督和公共教育的 “柔性调节”国家政策也预计将在全球范围内获得较高的成本效益。
 
原始出处:
 
Michael Webb,et al. Cost effectiveness of a government supported policy strategy to decrease sodium intake: global analysis across 183 nations. BMJ.10 January 2017.

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    2017-04-05 gaoxiaoe
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    2017-07-05 lmm397
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    2017-01-13 Anima

    成本核算

    0

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    2017-01-12 bioon3
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    2017-01-12 zhwj