急诊室来了一对“蓝瘦、香菇”的夫妻

2016-10-12 佚名 浙大一院 微信公众号

深夜,浙江大学医学院附属第一医院急诊室来了一对夫妻。(怎么样?今天这个开头听起来很有故事性吧)(以上为模拟场景)(实际场景如下:)经过浙大一院急诊科医生的仔细问诊,发现这对夫妻症状类似,表现为头晕乏力、上吐下泻,感觉身体被掏空。追问病史,他们晚上一起吃过山里采来的蘑菇。医生高度怀疑是蘑菇中毒,可淳朴的大叔却很坚定得认为那只是普通的蘑菇。他说那种蘑菇长得没有艳丽的外表,与平时菜场所见的食用菇很相似。

深夜,
浙江大学医学院附属第一医院急诊室来了一对夫妻。
(怎么样?今天这个开头听起来很有故事性吧)






(以上为模拟场景)

(实际场景如下:)

经过浙大一院急诊科医生的仔细问诊,

发现这对夫妻症状类似,表现为头晕乏力、上吐下泻,感觉身体被掏空。

追问病史,他们晚上一起吃过山里采来的蘑菇。


医生高度怀疑是蘑菇中毒,

可淳朴的大叔却很坚定得认为那只是普通的蘑菇。


他说那种蘑菇长得没有艳丽的外表,与平时菜场所见的食用菇很相似。

那么,这对夫妻到底是不是蘑菇中毒呢?

主诊医生从手机里翻出这张照片给大叔看,大叔说正是他们晚上吃的蘑菇。


然而,这可不是普通的蘑菇,正是大名鼎鼎的巨毒蘑菇——致命鹅膏菌。致命鹅膏菌中毒后死亡率极高,是世界上最毒的蘑菇之一。致命鹅膏菌中毒患者通常会出现恶心呕吐等消化道症状,在24小时后急性中毒症状会稍有好转,但到72小时后病情又会突然恶化,出现肝、肾功能衰竭甚至多器官功能衰竭。这对夫妻很有可能是吃了致命鹅膏菌,如不及时治疗预后凶险。

幸运的是,这对夫妻食用量不多,经过浙大一院医生及时处理,已无大碍。

夏末秋初,雨量丰沛,正是蘑菇生长的好季节,野生的蘑菇常常在雨后快速生长。人们看到土里冒出的这些“熟悉”的身影,常常会忍不住采摘回家做一顿野味佳肴。可是,蘑菇是否有毒的鉴别却不是那么容易的事情。

毒蘑菇容易鉴别么?

人们常说,“有毒的蘑菇颜色鲜艳,无毒蘑菇颜色朴素”、“长在潮湿处或家畜粪便上的蘑菇有毒,长在干净地方的蘑菇无毒”、“有分泌物或受伤变色的蘑菇有毒”等。然而大自然却偏偏不信这个邪,著名的橙盖鹅膏菌正是一道鲜艳而美味的菜肴,而致命鹅膏菌长得普普通通,看似人畜无害却可以置人于死地。没有专业的研究,想要以身试“菇”,那就只能看天命了。

蘑菇中毒表现

不同的蘑菇产生的毒素不同,中毒的表现也各不一样,一般可分为以下四型:

1.胃肠炎型 此型患者一般在进食蘑菇后10分钟到2小时发病。表现为乏力、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等消化道症状。此型恢复较快,预后好。能引起这种症状的蘑菇很多,如红菇、乳菇等。

2.神经精神型 进食后数分钟至数小时,除出现胃肠炎型症状外,可引起交感神经系统、颅脑神经系统损伤,如瞳孔缩小、多汗、唾液增多、流泪、兴奋、幻觉、步态蹒跚、心率缓慢等,病情严重者可有胡言乱语、谵妄、幻觉、呼吸抑制等表现。多由毒蝇伞、豹斑毒伞、鳞次伞菌、牛肝菌等引起。此型多预后良好,个别预后较差。

3.溶血型 潜伏期约6-48小时,先出现消化道症状,而后出现溶血表现,如黄疸、贫血、血红蛋白尿、肝脾肿大等。此型常伴有中枢神经系统病变表现,多为鹿花菌所致。

4.多脏器损伤型 进食后4-24小时出现胃肠炎型表现,部分患者可有假愈期,即在72小时后突然病情恶化,出现肝、肾、神经系统、血液系统等多脏器系统功能衰竭的表现。部分患者可有精神症状,死亡率极高。多由致命鹅膏菌、鳞柄毒伞等引起。

可见,蘑菇中毒虽然有不同的类型,但是几乎所有蘑菇中毒都会有胃肠道反应。如果在食用蘑菇之后1-3天内出现恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻,头晕、头痛、四肢乏力等症状,哪怕是菜场买的蘑菇,也应该提高警惕,及时至医院就诊。

蘑菇中毒治疗

1.及时就诊 蘑菇中毒的潜伏期长短不一,有些蘑菇一旦中毒后病情马上恶化,而有些则过一段时间后突然恶化,无论哪一种都不能掉以轻心,应及时到医院诊治。

最好带上剩余的蘑菇或者蘑菇的照片,以方便医生和专业人士进行鉴定,以采取更有针对性的治疗。

2.加快毒物排出:催吐、洗胃、导泻三重奏,充分把残留在消化道内的毒物清除。

3.对症治疗:

根据不同的中毒表现,选择对症支持治疗。

而对于多脏器损伤型,多为鹅膏多肽毒素引起,毒性强烈,对肝脏、肾脏、血管内皮细胞、神经系统等都会造成严重损伤。因此早期需进行护肝、补液、利尿、二巯基丙磺酸钠解毒、肾上腺皮质激素等治疗。但一旦病情发展迅速,如肝功能、肾功能进行性下降,应及时予以血液灌流、血浆置换等支持治疗,加快清除血液中的有毒物质。

蘑菇味道鲜美,营养丰富,是餐桌上的一道美味佳肴。但是,每年还是有不少人因为误食毒蘑菇而丧命。所以在此劝告大家,看到路边的蘑菇,欣赏一下就可以了,采摘来食用还是有风险的。  

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1401490, encodeId=9ced1401490b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16c352559f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急诊室#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52559, encryptionId=16c352559f3, topicName=急诊室)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlqib6EjszX8eWCgCyh08Tc4TdVX3PKFq8RCOVgA4Td381fjXw9cuvE2usI8e3X6skcTVBibwxp91Q/132, createdBy=a4c32344113, createdName=李研东, createdTime=Fri Oct 14 05:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147868, encodeId=49cb14e868ff, content=赞一个!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=d85d1636106, createdName=lietome2, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 19:55:16 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147867, encodeId=e45d14e867e6, content=好文章!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=d85d1636106, createdName=lietome2, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 19:54:58 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147645, encodeId=03d014e64539, content=学习了,赞一个, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3e0c1940872, createdName=1e0ef473m06(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 13 13:42:10 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147560, encodeId=208a14e56051, content=美味毒药, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 10:53:48 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-13 lietome2

    赞一个!!

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1401490, encodeId=9ced1401490b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16c352559f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急诊室#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52559, encryptionId=16c352559f3, topicName=急诊室)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlqib6EjszX8eWCgCyh08Tc4TdVX3PKFq8RCOVgA4Td381fjXw9cuvE2usI8e3X6skcTVBibwxp91Q/132, createdBy=a4c32344113, createdName=李研东, createdTime=Fri Oct 14 05:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147868, encodeId=49cb14e868ff, content=赞一个!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=d85d1636106, createdName=lietome2, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 19:55:16 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147867, encodeId=e45d14e867e6, content=好文章!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=d85d1636106, createdName=lietome2, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 19:54:58 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147645, encodeId=03d014e64539, content=学习了,赞一个, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3e0c1940872, createdName=1e0ef473m06(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Oct 13 13:42:10 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147560, encodeId=208a14e56051, content=美味毒药, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Thu Oct 13 10:53:48 CST 2016, time=2016-10-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-13 lietome2

    好文章!!!

    0

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    2016-10-13 1e0ef473m06(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个

    0

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    2016-10-13 lyh994

    美味毒药

    0

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