Nat Genet:全球科学家通力合作在结核病研究上取得重大突破!

2016-11-15 佚名 生物谷

图片摘自:imgarcade.com 肺结核是威胁全球公众健康的一种疾病,对患者治疗通常需要数月,而且截止到目前为止,针对肺结核并没有有效的疫苗来进行预防;多种不同的结核分枝杆菌在全球很多地方都存在,而且其具有不同的地理分布,仅有所谓的菌株谱系4是在各大洲都存在的,在每年新发的1000万感染者和死亡的200万患者中,大部分个体都是因这类菌株而感染。 近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Nature G

图片摘自:imgarcade.com

肺结核是威胁全球公众健康的一种疾病,对患者治疗通常需要数月,而且截止到目前为止,针对肺结核并没有有效的疫苗来进行预防;多种不同的结核分枝杆菌在全球很多地方都存在,而且其具有不同的地理分布,仅有所谓的菌株谱系4是在各大洲都存在的,在每年新发的1000万感染者和死亡的200万患者中,大部分个体都是因这类菌株而感染。

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Nature Genetics上的研究报告中,来自全球56家研究机构的75名科学家通过联合研究对来自数千名结核病患者机体中结核分枝杆菌的遗传组成进行了深入分析,研究者发现,结核分枝杆菌谱系4型在遗传学上能够被分为多个子谱系,某些子谱系菌株在全球均有分布,而其它菌株则主要受限于地理学分布。

研究者指出,结核分枝杆菌往往会被分为全球分布的通用型菌株和重点关注局部生态环境的特殊菌株;结核分枝杆菌有着独特的特性,其几乎不会改变它们自身的抗原,而且细菌也能够被机体免疫系统有效识别,一旦机体强烈的免疫反应发生就会影响肺部的健康,进而促进感染者咳嗽,同时结核分枝杆菌还能够在人群之间有效地传播。

普通的从业医生经常会寻找别的方法来治疗细菌感染,而这通常会增加细菌抗原的多样性,研究者Stefan Niemann指出,通用型菌株往往会寻找到额外的方法,相比特殊菌株而言其能够增加细菌表面抗原的多样性,同时通用型的菌株还会对不同人群的机体免疫系统产生特殊的免疫反应,而且这类细菌通常会采用特殊的分子策略来在全球实施扩散。

这项研究发现对于开发新型结核分枝杆菌的疫苗具有重要意义,细菌适应的抗原越多,研究者们就越难设计出特殊疫苗来有效应对细菌的感染,因此研究者们就需要通过未来深入的研究来开发具有广谱性的活性结合分支杆菌的疫苗。这项研究中,研究者们通过全球通力合作深入剖析了多名感染者机体中结核分枝杆菌的遗传组成,对于后期开发新型结合疫苗提供了新的线索,同时也为抵御其它诸如HIV等全球感染性疾病的发生提供了一定的研究依据和帮助。

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    2017-10-27 canlab
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    2017-10-15 cy0324
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    2017-09-07 liye789132251

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