J Experi Med:G蛋白可以调节血管的重塑过程

2013-05-06 T.Shen 生物谷

2012年11月20日 --近日,刊登在国际杂志Journal of Experimental Medicine上的一篇研究报告中,来自马克斯-普朗克研究所的研究人员揭示了,平滑肌细胞对胞外环境改变做出反应的信号路径的最新研究结果,血管根据其外部的环境会做出动态的变化,其通常会适应营养通透性,收缩性甚至形状可变性。 在这项研究中,研究者对遗传修饰小鼠进行相关研究,试图在细胞水平发现调节血管重塑的

2012年11月20日 --近日,刊登在国际杂志Journal of Experimental Medicine上的一篇研究报告中,来自马克斯-普朗克研究所的研究人员揭示了,平滑肌细胞对胞外环境改变做出反应的信号路径的最新研究结果,血管根据其外部的环境会做出动态的变化,其通常会适应营养通透性,收缩性甚至形状可变性。

在这项研究中,研究者对遗传修饰小鼠进行相关研究,试图在细胞水平发现调节血管重塑的细胞外部信号,这将对于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化及其它的血管疾病提供帮助。

血管壁包含有平滑肌细胞、弹性纤维及内皮细胞,其排列在血管的内皮表面。血管可以根据需要来改变血管的通透性及收缩性。如果血管处于损伤状态,存在的平滑肌细胞通常会产生新的专门的肌细胞来修复血管,然而如果出现血管问题,这种必要有用的细胞重塑性就会产生负面影响,比如,如果冠状血管由于内部支架而膨胀的话,肌肉细胞的生长就会促使其变窄。在常见的动脉粥样硬化以及血管钙化中,血管的重塑过程会导致血管斑块的形成,当然,这些过程都是由激素或神经递质来调节的,有些是由细胞释放,有些则是由神经释放。大多数的血管信使都是通过结合受体来作用的,一旦其被激活,就会结合至G蛋白上。

有两种不同家族的G蛋白在血管重塑过程中扮演着重要的作用,其为Gq/G11和G12/G13。

这两个G蛋白家族可以介导不同的信号路径以反作用的方式来调节平滑肌细胞的可塑性。为了研究它们的信号路径及调节作用,研究者Till及同事对小鼠的G蛋白基因进行失活,随后进行相关的研究,在缺失G12/G13的小鼠机体中,其平滑肌细胞可以过度生长,而缺失Gq/G11的小鼠机体却抵御平滑肌细胞的生长以及细胞壁的增厚。

研究结果为揭示血管重塑的调节提供了完整的调节机制,研究者希望开发出新型的医学药理方法来治疗相关的心血管疾病。如今信号路径的靶向结构已经被发现,新型的治疗方法即将开启,比如促进平滑肌细胞生长的路径可以认为地抑制或者激活稳定的信号路径来减缓血管的重塑过程。在动物模型中,研究者已经开发出了新型的疗法来抑制动脉粥样硬化,并且成功抑制了损伤血管的细胞再生和增殖。

血管相关的拓展阅读:

Procontractile G protein–mediated signaling pathways antagonistically regulate smooth muscle differentiation in vascular remodeling

Vascular smooth muscle (Sm) cells (VSMCs) are highly plastic. Their differentiation state can be regulated by serum response factor (SRF), which activates genes involved in Sm differentiation and proliferation by recruiting cofactors, such as members of the myocardin family and ternary complex factors (TCFs), respectively. However, the extracellular cues and upstream signaling mechanisms regulating SRF-dependent VSMC differentiation under in vivo conditions are poorly understood. In this study, we show that the procontractile signaling pathways mediated by the G proteins G12/G13 and Gq/G11 antagonistically regulate VSMC plasticity in different models of vascular remodeling. In mice lacking Gα12/Gα13 or their effector, the RhoGEF protein LARG, RhoA-dependent SRF-regulation was blocked and down-regulation of VSMC differentiation marker genes was enhanced. This was accompanied by an excessive vascular remodeling and exacerbation of atherosclerosis. In contrast, Sm-specific Gαq/Gα11 deficiency blocked activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and the TCF Elk-1, resulting in a reduced VSMC dedifferentiation in response to flow cessation or vascular injury. These data show that the balanced activity of both G protein–mediated pathways in VSMCs is required for an appropriate vessel remodeling response in vascular diseases and suggest new approaches to modulate Sm differentiation in vascular pathologies.

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    2013-06-10 feather89
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    2013-05-08 智智灵药