研究突破||他克莫司研究新近进展

2017-09-19 MedSci MedSci原创

他克莫司(Tacrolimus),又名FK506,是从链霉菌属(streptomyces tsukubaensis)中分离出的发酵产物,其化学结构属23元大环内酯类抗生素,作为一种强力的新型免疫抑制剂,主要通过抑制白介素-2(L-2)的释放,全面抑制T淋巴细胞的作用,较环孢素(CsA)强100倍。他克莫司作为肝、肾移植的一线用药,已在日本、美国等14个国家上市。临床实验表明,其在心、肺、肠、骨髓等

他克莫司(Tacrolimus),又名FK506,是从链霉菌属(streptomyces tsukubaensis)中分离出的发酵产物,其化学结构属23元大环内酯类抗生素,作为一种强力的新型免疫抑制剂,主要通过抑制白介素-2(L-2)的释放,全面抑制T淋巴细胞的作用,较环孢素(CsA)强100倍。他克莫司作为肝、肾移植的一线用药,已在日本、美国等14个国家上市。临床实验表明,其在心、肺、肠、骨髓等移植中应用有很好的疗效。同时FK506在治疗特应性皮炎(AD)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、自身免疫性眼病等自身免疫性疾病中也发挥着积极的作用。小编对近期的他克莫司相关的国内外研究进展进行了汇总。

【1】免疫抑制在预防生物抗药抗体反应中的应用

临床中,抗药抗体不仅影响药物疗效甚至还会威胁患者安全,在实际应用中往往通过免疫抑制拮抗过高的免疫原性,例如氨甲喋呤与酶替代疗法的联合给药,他克莫司/西罗莫司联合治疗预防器官移植排斥反应。近日Herskovitz等研究人员在AAPS JOURNAL中考察了免疫抑制在生物抗药抗体反应中的应用。首先研究人员分别给予SD大鼠低(0.01 mg/kg)、中(50 mg/kg)、高剂量(300 mg/kg)的单克隆抗体,试验组同时接受甲氨蝶呤他克莫司/西罗莫司联合治疗,考察大鼠抗药抗体药物动力学差异。研究发现,随着抗体剂量增加,免疫原性逐步提高。在中等剂量组,甲氨蝶呤可显著降低抗可变区抗体发生率,而他克莫司/西罗莫司对中高剂量组更为有效,除低剂量抗体+甲氨蝶呤之外,所有免疫抑制方法均可以有效抑制抗药抗体效应,其中在治疗4周后效果最为显著

【2】东亚人群狼疮性肾炎诱导疗法比较研究

最新的狼疮性肾炎治疗的建议表明,诱导治疗时应充分考虑患者的种族差异影响,但该研究结果未涉及东亚人群。近日Hanaoka等研究人员在PLOS ONE发表文章,考察了不同诱导疗法对日本狼疮性肾炎III-IV级患者肾反应的差异。研究对64名患者的临床资料进行回顾,其治疗方法包括每月静脉注射环磷酰胺(IVCY,n=22)、欧洲狼疮肾炎环磷酰胺协议方案(ELNT-IVCY,n=18)、他克莫司治疗方案(TAC,n=13)以及麦考酚酸莫酯治疗方案(MMF,n=11)。研究的主要终点是3年的累积肾脏应答率及缓解率,组织损伤。研究发现组间3年的累积肾脏应答率及缓解率无显著性差异,TAC组患者的响应较早而MMF组患者响应最迟,TAC组3年的疾病症状指数较IVCY变化更频繁。多因素分析显示3个月的肾脏应答率是独立的低损伤预后指标,实现早期应答对患者的预后较为关键。

【3】他克莫司直肠给药治疗活动期溃疡性结肠炎

抗溃疡性直肠炎的治疗十分困难,局部应用他克莫司是其主要的治疗手段。近日Lawrance等研究人员在CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY发表了他克莫司直肠给药治疗活动期溃疡性结肠炎的相关研究。研究招募了11名患者接受0.5 mg/mL的他克莫司直肠剂同时招募了10名患者给予安慰剂,治疗持续8周。主要临床终点是临床响应以及Mayo评分。研究发现接受他克莫司治疗患者的响应率高达73%,而安慰剂组仅为10%;5名治疗组患者达到临床缓解而对照组无人达到临床缓解;8名治疗组患者在治疗8周后实现黏膜愈合,而对照组仅1人;治疗组5人实现炎症性肠病评分改善16分以上,而对照组仅2人;他克莫司治疗组患者Mayo评分在治疗后逐步降低且下降幅度远大于对照组。治疗过程中未发现他克莫司的安全性问题。

【4】肝移植后的排异反应预防——他克莫司 vs 环胞素A

肝移植后的排异反应预防对患者的预后十分重要,但最佳的肝移植后维持免疫抑制治疗方法尚不清楚。近日Rodriguez等在The Cochrane database of systematic reviews发表研究,评估了不同免疫抑制方案对成人肝移植后的免疫排斥的疗效和安全性。研究人员就截止2016年10月的相关研究资料进行荟萃分析,49个临床研究,7535名患者参与,绝大多数受试者接受了原发性肝移植,所有试验都有很高的偏倚风险且证据质量较低。研究的随访时间3-144个月,最常见的免疫抑制对照疗法为他克莫司。荟萃分析显示,不同疗法与他克莫司对照相比在死亡率以及移植物丢失方面无显著差异;相比于他克莫司单药,他克莫司联合西罗莫司会增加患者的死亡(HR 2.76, 95% CrI 1.30— 6.69)以及移植物丢失(HR 2.34, 95% CrI 1.28—4.61)风险。各组件严重不良事件率无显著差异,常见的不良事件包括:肾功能损害、慢性肾脏病、移植排斥以及需要治疗的移植排斥。研究发现环胞素A的不良事件率最高,再次移植风险显著高于他克莫司。

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    2017-09-22 lou.minghong

    只知道他克莫司是免疫抑制剂.不知道它是抗生素

    0

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    2017-09-20 虈亣靌

    学习一下很不错

    0

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    2017-09-20 yfjms

    学习了

    0

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    2017-09-19 狼毒花1982

    学习了感谢分享

    0