EAU18∣叶定伟教授团队:DNA修复基因功能性突变与肾癌靶向治疗耐药相关

2018-03-22 王弘恺 肿瘤瞭望

肾癌约占所有成人恶性肿瘤的3-4%,是我国泌尿系统肿瘤第三大癌种。其中有将近一半的患者以转移性疾病起病或进展至全身转移。靶向治疗一定程度改善了晚期肾癌预后,但并非所有人都能从中获益,部分患者对靶向治疗可发生耐药。提前预测患者对靶向治疗的敏感性有助于更精准地药物治疗选择。

肾癌约占所有成人恶性肿瘤的3-4%,是我国泌尿系统肿瘤第三大癌种。其中有将近一半的患者以转移性疾病起病或进展至全身转移。靶向治疗一定程度改善了晚期肾癌预后,但并非所有人都能从中获益,部分患者对靶向治疗可发生耐药。提前预测患者对靶向治疗的敏感性有助于更精准地药物治疗选择。

目前肾癌领域常用的靶向治疗预测模型为MSKCC模型和Heng氏模型。二者主要通过以下指标联合预测肾癌靶向治疗的预后:发病至转移时间、KPS评分、LDH水平、血清钙、血红蛋白、中性粒细胞大于正常下限、血小板超过正常上限等。然而,不同于肺癌EGFR突变、肠癌KRAS突变等,肾癌尚缺乏特征性驱动基因来预测靶向药物敏感性。本研究拟检测肾癌原发病灶及对靶向治疗耐药的转移病灶的基因突变谱差异,观察是否存在可用于预测肾癌靶向治疗敏感性的基因突变。

复旦大学附属肿瘤医院泌尿外科团队选择了4例患者进行基因突变检测。这些患者均有靶向治疗前的原发灶标本以及相配对的靶向治疗后的肺转移灶标本。其中2名患者预后非常好,对靶向药物治疗较敏感;另外2名患者预后较差,对靶向治疗表现为原发耐药。本研究通过配对标本寻找与靶向治疗敏感性相关的基因突变及信号通路。


结果发现,在原发耐药和继发耐药的标本中可以找到更多的肿瘤驱动基因突变,且预后差的患者突变数量更多。基因通路分析显示,在耐药标本中,PI3K-Akt信号通路最常见;其次为MAPK通路、TGF-b通路等。同时,耐药标本中先后发现24个与DNA损伤修复相关基因(DRG)的功能性突变,这些基因包括BRCA1, BARD1, CHEK2, P53, POLE等。而在靶向敏感的原发灶标本中只发现4个DRG功能性突变。DRG基因突变概率与患者预后成反比。





由此可见,在发生靶向治疗耐药之后,肿瘤细胞的基因突变谱存在较大变化。其中PI3K-Akt信号通路的改变与肾癌靶向治疗耐药相关性较大;且DNA损伤修复基因的相关突变对预测肾癌靶向治疗药物敏感性及患者预后有一定价值。

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    2018-09-08 839640778
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    2018-06-25 huangdf
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    2018-03-24 jambiya

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