从10个问题出发,掌握红细胞生成刺激剂在癌症相关性贫血中的规范化应用

2019-04-21 肿瘤资讯 虚怀若谷

红细胞生成刺激剂(ESAs)可用于控制贫血,提高血红蛋白(HgB)水平并减少对红细胞输注的需求。近期,《临床肿瘤学杂志》(JCO)更新了关于ESAs治疗癌症相关性贫血的ASCO/ASH临床实践指南,通过临床上十大常见问题指导临床医生的规范性应用,小编将指南推荐要点进行了编译整理,详情如下。

红细胞生成刺激剂(ESAs)可用于控制贫血,提高血红蛋白(HgB)水平并减少对红细胞输注的需求。近期,《临床肿瘤学杂志》(JCO)更新了关于ESAs治疗癌症相关性贫血的ASCO/ASH临床实践指南,通过临床上十大常见问题指导临床医生的规范性应用,小编将指南推荐要点进行了编译整理,详情如下。

临床问题1 : 为减少红细胞输注的需要,是否应对患有化疗相关性贫血的患者给予ESAs治疗?

建议1.1

这应根据具体的临床情况决定。当该患者的肿瘤治疗方案无法使其达到治愈,并且血红蛋白(HGB)下降至10g/dL时,可考虑给予红细胞生成刺激剂(ESAs)。此外,红细胞(RBC)输注也是另一种选择,这主要取决于贫血的严重程度及其临床状况(类型:基于证据;证据质量:高;推荐强度:强)。

建议1.2

当肿瘤治疗方案的意图在于使患者达到治愈时,则不应对患有化疗相关性贫血的肿瘤患者给予ESAs治疗(类型:基于证据;证据质量:中等;推荐强度:强)。

临床问题2:为减少对红细胞输注的需求,是否应对未接受过骨髓抑制性化疗的贫血患者给予ESAs治疗?

建议2.1

不推荐向大多数的非化疗相关性贫血患者提供ESAs进行治疗(类型:非正式共识;证据质量:低;推荐强度:强)。

建议2.2

对于较低危组的骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者,并且其血清促红细胞生成素(EPO)水平≦500 IU/L时,可给予ESAs治疗(类型:基于证据;证据质量:中等;推荐强度:中等)。

临床问题3: 对于正在接受骨髓抑制性化疗的非髓系血液恶性肿瘤的患者而言,在何种特殊情况下可给予ESAs治疗?

建议3

对于多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)或慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)患者而言,在给予ESAs前应注意观察患者对肿瘤治疗方案的血液学反应情况,若同时应用ESAs及肿瘤治疗方案,对于可能导致血栓栓塞风险增加的疾病应保持高度警惕(见建议4和6)。此外,在以上所有情况中,输血均应当作为考虑的治疗选择之一(类型:非正式共识;证据质量:低;推荐强度:中等)。

临床问题4:在决定接受ESAs治疗前,应该进行哪些检查或诊断性检测来确定患者可从ESAs中获益?

建议4

在给予ESA治疗前,临床医生应完善患者病史、体格检查和诊断性检测,以明确除外化疗或潜在的造血系统恶性肿瘤之外是否存在其他导致贫血的病因。因此,在考虑应用ESAs之前,应针对这些病因进行相应治疗。建议完善的患者基线信息详见下表1(类型:非正式共识;证据质量:中等;推荐力度:强)。

临床问题5:在接受ESAs的化疗相关性贫血成年患者中,达贝泊汀(darbepoetin)及依泊汀(epoetin)β和α与目前可用的epoetinα生物仿制药在安全性或疗效方面存在不同吗?

建议5

专家组认为epoetinβ和α,darbepoetin和epoetinα生物仿制药在有效性和安全性方面是等效的(类型:非正式共识;证据质量:中等;推荐强度:中等)。

临床问题6: ESAs会增加血栓栓塞的风险吗?

建议6

ESAs会增加血栓栓塞的风险,故临床医生应慎用,并且在仔细权衡血栓栓塞的风险后考虑是否使用ESAs,最终作出临床决策(类型:基于证据;证据质量:高;推荐强度:强)。

临床问题7:在接受ESAs的化疗相关性贫血成年患者中, ESAs给药剂量及剂量调整的建议是什么?

建议7

ESAs的起始剂量和剂量调整应遵循美国FDA指南,具体详见下表2(类型:非正式共识;证据质量:中等;推荐力度:中等)。

临床问题8:在接受ESAs的化疗相关性贫血成年患者中,推荐的HGB目标值是多少?

建议8

HGB应上升至避免或减少红细胞输注所需的最低浓度,具体的HGB目标值因患者情况和病情而异(类型:非正式共识;证据质量:中等;推荐强度:中等)。

临床问题9: 在对ESsA治疗无反应的化疗相关性贫血成年患者中(HGB增加<1~2 g/dL或输血需求未降低),ESA治疗超过6~8周是否有获益

建议9

对于6~8周内ESAs治疗无反应的患者,应停用ESAs。对ESAs治疗无反应的患者应重新评估潜在的肿瘤进展,缺铁或其他病因引起的贫血(类型:非正式共识; 证据质量:中间;推荐强度:强)。

临床问题10: 在化疗相关性贫血的成年患者中,同时接受补铁与ESAs可降低输血需求吗?

建议10

在接受ESAs治疗的患者中,无论有无铁缺乏,补铁均可改善HGB反应并降低输血需求。建议定期监测铁,总铁结合能力,转铁蛋白饱和度或铁蛋白水平(类型:基于证据;证据质量:中等;推荐强度:弱)。

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