实拍超级细菌入侵全过程,攻克1000倍浓度抗生素只需十天

2016-09-18 DeepTech深科技-杨立中 DeepTech深科技-杨立中

抗生素是人类的大救星。人类历史上,细菌感染曾经酿出过无数惨剧,但最近70多年来,人类开发出几千种抗生素,让细菌感染似乎不足挂齿。21世纪的今天,癌症才是健康的最大威胁。 然而,人类抗生素对细菌的优势却正在逐步丧失。随着抗生素的广泛使用、甚至是滥用,细菌的抗药性正在逐步增强。近年来,令人闻之色变的“超级细菌”(对多种抗生素具抗药性(multidrug resistant,MDR)的病原

抗生素是人类的大救星。人类历史上,细菌感染曾经酿出过无数惨剧,但最近70多年来,人类开发出几千种抗生素,让细菌感染似乎不足挂齿。21世纪的今天,癌症才是健康的最大威胁。

然而,人类抗生素对细菌的优势却正在逐步丧失。随着抗生素的广泛使用、甚至是滥用,细菌的抗药性正在逐步增强。近年来,令人闻之色变的“超级细菌”(对多种抗生素具抗药性(multidrug resistant,MDR)的病原体)更是大量出现。而人类新开发抗生素的脚步却已停滞多年:

各时期新发现的抗生素类型数量

你没有看错,人类已经25年没有发现新的抗生素种类了。在与超级细菌变异的时间赛跑里,我们已经落后。

那么,细菌抗药性的产生速度可以有多快?

近日,《科学》杂志上刊登了一篇论文。来自哈佛大学和以色列理工学院Roy Kishony实验室的科学家们设计了一种全新的装置,模拟细菌在较大空间尺度、不同抗生素浓度环境下的生存、迁移、变异情况。与浓度均一的培养皿相比,这种环境更加接近实际情况。而他们用缩时拍摄(Time-lapse photography)拍下的结果,触目惊心。

实验装置

实验装置是一个60cm×120cm(约2英尺×4英尺)的矩形盘,内装有含有不同抗生素浓度的琼脂。在最外层,抗生素浓度为0,次外层为细菌不能生长的最低浓度(1x最小抑菌浓度),由外向内依次指数递增,直到中心为1000倍最小抑菌浓度。

抗生素浓度分布

在黑色琼脂的背景下,大肠杆菌呈现出白色。没有抗药性的大肠杆菌将从最外层开始生长,通过不断地变异逐渐向中心迁移。

起初,次外层就已经是细菌的地狱,一旦接触就会立即死亡,而中心的1000倍浓度简直就是超级无敌变态炼狱。

科学家们想要观察的,正是在实验环境下,细菌需要多久可以进化出超级无敌变态的耐药性。

毕竟,人类新抗生素药物研发周期需要至少10年之久。

而细菌给出的答案是:不到两周。

实验全过程如下:

实验开始时,大肠杆菌从不含抗生素的最外层开始生长,生长到与次外层的边界便会停止。

细菌开始生长

然而,约两天时间后,处于边界的一小部分大肠杆菌开始变异(注意箭头),产生了最初的抗药性。之后,变异在多处出现,1x最小抑菌浓度区域沦陷,抗药性get。

最早的变异出现

此时,具有初步抗药性的大肠杆菌依然被阻挡在10x浓度抗生素区域内。然而,在之前变异基础上,很快就有新的变异攻克了这一区域。与此同时,一些其它的变异看似已经落后了。

更多变异出现,细菌攻克10倍浓度区域

细菌们通过逐层迁移,逐渐进入了除1000倍最小抑菌浓度区域以外的所有区域。在实验开始约11天后,第一种可以抵抗1000x抗生素的变异产生。很快,全部区域均告攻克:细菌,胜!

攻克1000x抗生素浓度区域

在这个细菌进化的模拟实验里,通过不停的变异,大肠杆菌抗药性也逐渐累积,并越来越强悍。研究人员将实验中大肠杆菌获得1000倍抗药性的过程中总共182个变异点进行了分析,找出了变异细菌的图谱,并用不同颜色标记了变异时的抗生素浓度。

变异图谱。变异时抗生素浓度由蓝到红指数递增。

研究人员发现,在变异发生、细菌试图适应新环境时,生长速度会变慢。但是一旦拥有了对该浓度的完全抗药性,就又会恢复最快生长速度,迅速在该浓度环境下扩散。

有意思的是,他们还发现,细菌非常“聪明”:“笑到最后”的强变异并不是一开始进展最快的。它们悄悄躲在迁移迅速却较弱的变异身后,待“先驱”英勇地变成“先烈”,再脱颖而出。“我们的发现说明,进化并不总是由最强的变异引领的,”该论文第一作者Michael Baym说。

这并不是对细菌在真实环境下产生抗药性的全真模拟,但极好地展示了这一过程究竟能有多快:10天左右的时间里,大肠杆菌便产生了对抗1000倍于原始致死量的抗药性。更换了另一种抗生素后,这个数字更是变成了惊人的10万倍。

那么问题又来了。这是实验室里的结果,好吓人。真实的细菌抗药性情况有这么恐怖吗?

答案是:非常不乐观。也许用不了很久,我们将永远失去抗生素这一对抗细菌感染最重要的武器。而在最坏的情形下,只需20年,细菌变异将使得伤口感染重新变得致命。

有人预计,到2050年,每年死于细菌感染的人数(紫色)将达到一千万,超过癌症重新成为最重要的致死原因。

而这绝不是危言耸听。世界卫生组织2014年的一份报告指出,全球范围内,抗药性已经开始蔓延。

以肺结核为例。2013年,全球约有48万例新发耐多药结核病,占新发结核病例的3.5%。而曾接受治疗的病例为耐多药结核病的比例更是高达20.5%。广泛耐药结核病已在100个国家发现。耐多药结核病需要更长的疗程,而且治疗效果也不如非耐药结核病好。

新发结核病例中耐多药结核病占比

曾接受治疗的结核病例中耐多药结核病占比

此外,

在大湄公河次区域的部分地区,已经发现对恶性疟疾的最佳可用治疗(以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法)出现耐药性。

在世界上所有区域,引起普通感染(如尿道感染、肺炎、血流感染)的细菌对抗生素耐药的比例高。很高比例的医院获得性感染是由高度耐药的细菌引起的。

已有十个国家报告了由对治疗淋病的最后手段(三代头孢菌素)耐药引起的治疗失败。鉴于目前没有正在开发的疫苗或新药,淋病可能很快成为无法治疗的疾病。

……

事态如此严峻,我们又能做什么?

世界卫生组织认为,每一个人、医疗工作者、药剂师、政策制定者、科学家和企业界应共同努力,协调行动,以减少抗药性的出现和蔓延。

各国政府已经开始行动,主要从了解抗药性机理、维持现有药物有效性、开展新治疗方案的研究(比如调动人的免疫力、使用病毒对付细菌)等三个方面进行努力。

而对于每一个普通人,我们又能做什么来保护自己的健康?世卫组织提出的建议如下:

洗手,避免与病人发生密切接触以防止流感或轮状病毒等细菌感染和病毒感染,使用避孕套防止性传播感染的发生;

接种疫苗,保持疫苗接种的及时状态;

仅在有资质的卫生专业人员开具处方的情况下使用抗微生物药物;

用药过程中即使感觉好转,也要完成整个疗程;

不与他人共用抗微生物药物,不使用剩余的处方药。

可以看出,要做到这些并没有很难。

对抗细菌耐药性首先要从改善个人卫生习惯开始,而个人卫生习惯首先就是勤洗手。而其中的倒数第二条:“即使感觉好转,也要完成整个疗程”也非常重要。在上面的大肠杆菌实验中,即便在最小抑菌浓度下,几乎所有细菌都没法活着等到变异出现的第三天。感觉已经病好,是抗生素已经摧毁了大多数的细菌。但继续维持体内足够浓度的抗生素,将最大限度减少变异的出现和传播的可能。

细菌的抗药性并不是被人类逼出来的,而是细菌与生俱来的生存本领。抗生素也不是人类发明的,而是在其它微生物中“发现”的。进化史上,不同微生物之间抗生素和耐药性的进化仿佛魔与道的斗法,又好比矛与盾的较量,是一种已经持续了几十亿年的自然现象。而人类参与这一进程,不过区区几十年而已。

1928年,亚历山大·弗莱明发现了青霉素,开启了抗生素拯救人类的历史。短短几十年后,人类就再一次面临了来自细菌的挑战。

让我们向伟大的科学先驱致敬,并祈祷人类的自律和科学的光芒可以照亮世界。

亚历山大·弗莱明和他发现的青霉素

参考:

Scientists film bacteria's maneuversas they become impervious to drugs,http://phys.org/news/2016-09-scientists-bacteria-maneuvers-impervious-drugs.html

Spatiotemporal microbial evolution onantibiotic landscapes, Science, science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.aag0822

Smith A. Bacterial resistance toantibiotics[J]. Hugo and Russell’s Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 2007: 220-232.

抗微生物药物耐药性,http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/zh/

The FDA’s Antibacterial Soap Ban IsBad News for Superbugs,Megan Molteni, https://www.wired.com/2016/09/FDAs-ban-antibacterial-soaps-bad-news-superbugs/

Human vs superbug: Too late to turnthe tide?,Liz Bonnin, http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/z8kccdm

The Evolution of Bacteria on a“Mega-Plate” Petri Dish, Harvard Medical School, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plVk4NVIUh8

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#插入话题
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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2009396, encodeId=f00620093968a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=51b429e159a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全过程#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29715, encryptionId=51b429e159a, topicName=全过程)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Sun Jan 22 18:53:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=136316, encodeId=a23913631613, content=学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 17:20:50 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131963, encodeId=44fc13196373, content=好可怕的样子!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D828C4DF4609066.jpg, createdBy=280f1950963, createdName=夫夫子, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 06:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321670, encodeId=c76113216e019, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64049291048' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#超级细菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92910, encryptionId=64049291048, topicName=超级细菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea13490, createdName=xqptu, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 10:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1544424, encodeId=bee115444242e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac3d6549e75' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#浓度#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65497, encryptionId=ac3d6549e75, topicName=浓度)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=16b213663040, createdName=12498974m55暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 10:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130734, encodeId=eec2130e3489, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 10:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130721, encodeId=02b0130e2107, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9ce350198, createdName=el891227, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 09:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130653, encodeId=9eb0130653a7, content=阅读了谢谢,好可怕。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 06:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130639, encodeId=fe86130639d3, content=安全合理用药, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRkia1DP5MpwEgtXo1XhXA11xD6MWKxunAZFXKSNic0fWHUQx83oNHPlRMxxIctM83QKeCLkJpMibibiaC/0, createdBy=7e581734408, createdName=深海的鱼, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 06:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-27 童小孩

    学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2009396, encodeId=f00620093968a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=51b429e159a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全过程#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29715, encryptionId=51b429e159a, topicName=全过程)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Sun Jan 22 18:53:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=136316, encodeId=a23913631613, content=学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 17:20:50 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131963, encodeId=44fc13196373, content=好可怕的样子!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D828C4DF4609066.jpg, createdBy=280f1950963, createdName=夫夫子, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 06:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321670, encodeId=c76113216e019, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64049291048' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#超级细菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92910, encryptionId=64049291048, topicName=超级细菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea13490, createdName=xqptu, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 10:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1544424, encodeId=bee115444242e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac3d6549e75' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#浓度#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65497, encryptionId=ac3d6549e75, topicName=浓度)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=16b213663040, createdName=12498974m55暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 10:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130734, encodeId=eec2130e3489, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 10:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130721, encodeId=02b0130e2107, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9ce350198, createdName=el891227, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 09:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130653, encodeId=9eb0130653a7, content=阅读了谢谢,好可怕。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 06:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130639, encodeId=fe86130639d3, content=安全合理用药, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRkia1DP5MpwEgtXo1XhXA11xD6MWKxunAZFXKSNic0fWHUQx83oNHPlRMxxIctM83QKeCLkJpMibibiaC/0, createdBy=7e581734408, createdName=深海的鱼, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 06:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-21 夫夫子

    好可怕的样子!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2009396, encodeId=f00620093968a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=51b429e159a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全过程#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29715, encryptionId=51b429e159a, topicName=全过程)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Sun Jan 22 18:53:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=136316, encodeId=a23913631613, content=学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 17:20:50 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131963, encodeId=44fc13196373, content=好可怕的样子!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D828C4DF4609066.jpg, createdBy=280f1950963, createdName=夫夫子, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 06:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321670, encodeId=c76113216e019, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64049291048' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#超级细菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92910, encryptionId=64049291048, topicName=超级细菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ea13490, createdName=xqptu, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 10:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1544424, encodeId=bee115444242e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac3d6549e75' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#浓度#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65497, encryptionId=ac3d6549e75, topicName=浓度)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=16b213663040, createdName=12498974m55暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Sep 20 10:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130734, encodeId=eec2130e3489, content=谢谢分享,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 10:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130721, encodeId=02b0130e2107, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9ce350198, createdName=el891227, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 09:09:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130653, encodeId=9eb0130653a7, content=阅读了谢谢,好可怕。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 06:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130639, encodeId=fe86130639d3, content=安全合理用药, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRkia1DP5MpwEgtXo1XhXA11xD6MWKxunAZFXKSNic0fWHUQx83oNHPlRMxxIctM83QKeCLkJpMibibiaC/0, createdBy=7e581734408, createdName=深海的鱼, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 06:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2016-09-19 半夏微凉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2016-09-19 el891227

    厉害

    0

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    2016-09-19 刘煜

    阅读了谢谢,好可怕。

    0

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    2016-09-19 深海的鱼

    安全合理用药

    0

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