Open Forum Infect Dis:门诊感染防控,你准备好了吗?(附评估表)

2018-06-19 梁丹燕 SIFIC感染官微

随着越来越多的患者诊疗工作在门诊开展,医疗保健相关感染和暴发的机会也随之增加。国际的相关机构也已经注意到这一感染暴发新地点,早期的指南,关注的多为传染病,如艾滋病、乙肝丙肝等。但即便有指南出台,门诊相关感染的暴发仍层出不穷,究其原因,多与不遵从指南有关。

随着越来越多的患者诊疗工作在门诊开展,医疗保健相关感染和暴发的机会也随之增加。国际的相关机构也已经注意到这一感染暴发新地点,早期的指南,关注的多为传染病,如艾滋病、乙肝丙肝等。但即便有指南出台,门诊相关感染的暴发仍层出不穷,究其原因,多与不遵从指南有关。

2017年,美国CDC发布了《门诊感染控制指南-对安全护理的最低期望(GUIDE TO INFECTION PREVENTION FOR OUTPATIENT SETTINGS:MINIMUM EXPECTATIONS FOR SAFE CARE)》,其中提到,完整综合的门诊感控制度,应包括以下几个方面:教育培训、感染病例的监测和报告、手卫生、防护用品的使用、安全注射、环境表面的清洁和消毒、器械的清洁消毒和灭菌、呼吸卫生和咳嗽礼仪。

现在的问题是,很多机构和门诊,并没有足够的资源来系统化的实施一套完善的门诊感染控制措施,由此,本文旨在提供一套循序渐进的方法,便于在实施门诊感染防控的时候,更合理的进行资源分配,专注于防控措施中优先级的领域,如安全注射、灭菌和高水平消毒。

对于门诊区域的感染控制,我们应该如何实施?本文提出了一个方案:

首先,要成立一个监督委员会,包括临床的领导和财政的领导。成立一个感染控制小组,小组中,至少要包括有经验的感染病医生和感染控制专家。

第二,根据CDC和其他专业指南,制定制度框架。

第三,对门诊中所进行的操作,进行一次普查,明确所有的操作,包括什么地方要对物品进行灭菌或高水平消毒。

第四,进行风险评估,确定高风险的区域和优先干预的领域,比如注射、输液、器械再处理,还有一些操作如静脉消融术。风险评估完成了以后,就可以根据CDC所提供的清单和新制定的制度,来确定哪些地方是需要改进的,哪些地方是将来教育培训的重点方向。

附表,为一个简单的评估工具。当然,随着感染控制方案的实施,评估将持续进行多次。

文中最后强调,制定一个综合的门诊感染控制方案,是一个多部门合作循序进行的过程。这包括利益相关者的认可、选择有经验的感染病医生和感染控制专业人员、评估目前的医疗操作和所用的医疗设备,根据目前的情况,进行风险评估。

从指定政策开始,紧接着进行教育培训,使用调查表进行操作中的评估。这对门诊来说将会有重大的影响。CDC的指南,可以做为一个监测、调研的工具来使用,开始的感控措施,应着重于高风险的操作:安全注射、灭菌和高水平消毒。








原始出处:

Steinkuller F, et al.  Outpatient Infection Prevention: A Practical Primer. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018 May 2;5(5):ofy053.

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    2018-12-28 feather89
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    2018-06-20 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.了解了解

    0

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    2018-06-19 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2018-06-19 orangesking

    看看

    0

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