J Am Soc Hypertens:阜外医院学者公布中国上班族高血压调查结果:近四分之一有高血压,国企高于私企,蓝领高于白领

2018-03-06 卢芳 中国循环杂志

近日,国家心血管病中心王增武等公布中国上班族高血压调查结果,我国上班族高血压患病率并不低,而知晓率和控制率却很低。

近日,国家心血管病中心王增武等公布中国上班族高血压调查结果,我国上班族高血压患病率并不低,而知晓率和控制率却很低。

要知道,心血管是我国居民头号杀手,而因心血管病死亡者中,至少50%与高血压有关。

研究显示,上班族的年龄标准化患病率达23.3%。在有高血压的人群中,有47.8%的人知道自己有高血压,仅有20.6%的人在接受治疗。在接受治疗的人中,也仅有8.5%的人控制住血压。

此外,从事工作的性质不同,高血压流行也有差异。研究显示,国企员工要比私企员工有更高的高血压风险(OR=1.69),白领员工要比蓝领员工高血压风险要低(OR=0.77)。

其中,高血压在搞运输的人中最为流行,患病率达28.9%,控制率也最低为1.6%。从事矿业、制造业、电力/天然气生产和供应等工作者,对高血压的控制也很差。研究者推测,或是其中工业化学物质以及噪音暴露所致。

值得一提的是,在王增武等最近在Circulation发布的我国“十二五”高血压抽样调查最新结果中,我国≥18岁成人高血压患病率为23.2%,知晓率、治疗率、及控制率分别为46.9%、40.7%和15.3%。

这就意味着,上班族高血压防控水平低于全国平均水平。

而且中国上班族高血压比起欧美也要更为流行。美国、匈牙利两国上班族高血压患病率分别为22.8%和22.6%,中国上班族对高血压的知晓率和控制率也明显较低。

健康行为是高血压管理的基石。研究显示,上班族超重或肥胖就达44%,吸烟率也高达34.2%,还有28.7%的人饮酒,24.3%的人口味重吃得咸。而这些因素都是高血压的危险因素。在这方面,北京上班族就做的好一些。

研究者还发现,上班族中年轻的、受教育程度更高的、单位没有附属医院提供医疗服务的员工,高血压的知晓率和治疗率更低;领导同志们虽然接受降压治疗的较多,但血压控制却不是更好。

总之,就高血压的防治而言,上班族堪忧。

研究者指出,对于上班族需要根据其年龄、性别、教育程度以及职业状态、危险因素等进行有针对性的高血压防治干预。

这项研究共纳入全国18个城市61个不同工作场所18~60岁的37856位职工,抽样方法非全国范围内随机抽样。

原始出处:

[2] Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang L, et al. Status of Hypertension in China: Results from the China Hypertension Survey, 2012-2015. Circulation. 2018. Originally published February 15, 2018.

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