晚发型强直性脊柱炎合并老年类风湿关节炎1例

2018-06-15 毛桐俊 盛君 宣丹 皖南医学院学报

患者男,63岁,因“腰背痛10年,关节肿痛2年余,加重1月”于2015年12月11日收住弋矶山医院。

【一般资料】

患者男,63岁

【主诉】

因“腰背痛10年,关节肿痛2年余,加重1月”于2015年12月11日收住弋矶山医院。

【现病史】

10年前患者无明显诱因下出现腰骶部疼痛,以夜间为重,伴有翻身困难,久坐后亦出现腰背痛,活动后好转,在当地医院诊治,考虑“腰椎间盘突出症”,未治疗,渐出现弯腰及转身受限。两年前无明显诱因下出现双膝关节肿痛,渐累及左腕、左手近端指间关节及掌指关节,伴有左侧颞颌关节疼痛,不能张口,2013年12月于我院门诊就诊,门诊查类风湿因子:107.7IU/mL,C反应蛋白:34mg/L,红细胞沉降率:27mm/h,诊断为“老年类风湿关节炎”,予以甲氨蝶呤10mgqw、柳氮磺吡啶0.75gbid、美洛昔康分散片7.5mgqd治疗,关节肿痛好转,患者门诊规律复诊。2014年10月患者自觉关节肿痛缓解并自行停药,半月后再发关节肿痛,累及左肘、左踝、左膝,给予泼尼松7.5mgqd、来氟米特10mgqd、雷公藤多苷10mgtid、骨化三醇0.25μgqd治疗后病情好转,患者规律服药,门诊激素渐减量至2.5mgqd。入院前患者再次出现双腕、双侧PIP及MCP、左侧颞颌关节、双肩、双膝关节肿痛,伴有右侧髋关节及颈部疼痛。

【既往史】

患者无风湿病家族史。

【体格检查】

脊柱生理曲度消失,颈部前屈、后伸及旋转活动受限,胸廓扩张度70px,Schber试验(+),指地距1250px。左PIP2S+T+,左MCP3S+T+,右MCP3S+T+,双腕关节S+T+,右膝关节S-T+,左侧颞颌关节压痛阳性,右侧髋关节外展受限,双侧4字征阳性。

【辅助检查】

实验室检查,ESR:25.0mm/h,RF:128.20IU/mL,CRP:48.20mg/L,IgA:2.08g/L,IgG:12.53g/L,抗CCP抗体:74RU/mL,HLA-B27:阳性,抗核抗体:阴性,多肿瘤标志物正常。特殊检查,双手正位片:左腕关节面模糊,间隙变窄,可见囊性变,左侧部分PIP、MCP关节间隙模糊,右腕关节MRI示:右腕部异常改变,考虑炎性病变。心脏彩超示:升主动脉硬化,主动脉瓣轻度反流,左室舒张功能减退,左室收缩功能正常。腹部B超示:右肾囊肿。胸腰及骨盆平片:椎间隙存在、欠等称,椎旁韧带钙化呈竹节样改变,双侧骶髂关节间隙消失,双髋关节面骨质增生,符合强直性脊柱炎。骶髂关节CT示:双侧骶髂关节强直(大部骨性融合)。

【治疗】

患者家庭经济状况不佳,予以醋酸泼尼松5mgtid,沙利度胺50mgqn,骨化三醇0.25μgqd,雷公藤多苷20mgbid,甲氨蝶呤7.5mgqw,奥美拉唑40mgqd治疗1周后,关节肿痛及颈痛改善,复查CRP:7.06mg/L,ESR:14.0mm/h,予以出院。3月后激素逐渐停用,雷公藤多苷增加至20mgtid。随访至今,患者全身无疼痛,未出现药物不良反应。

【讨论】

强直性脊柱炎(AS)是一种原因未明、以中轴关节慢性炎症为主的全身性疾病,病理表现为骶髂关节炎及肌腱端炎,好发于青壮年男性,绝大多数于40岁前发病,我国AS患病率为0.3%。LAS年龄界定,目前尚无统一的标准,多数学者认为45岁之后发病的AS为LAS,LAS在AS中的比例为3.5%。类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种系统性、慢性、侵袭性炎症性疾病,主要表现为对称性、多关节、小关节炎症,病理表现为滑膜炎和血管炎,我国RA的患病率约为0.2%~0.4%。EORA指60岁之后起病的RA,国内外报道其患病率为2%。本文报道的病例,根据其病史、查体、实验室以及影像学检查诊断类风湿关节炎和强直性脊柱炎,其诊断符合类风湿关节炎1987年美国风湿病学会(ARA)分类标准及强直性脊柱炎1984年修订的纽约标准,根据其发病年龄同时也符合LAS和EORA的诊断。EORA和LAS是两种独立的风湿性疾病,其发病机制、临床表现、血清标志物、影像学特点、流行病学特征、治疗方案及预后均存在明显差异。患者出现AS和RA合并的可能原因是其体内既具有AS的易感基因HLA-B27,又具有RA的易感基因HLA-DR4抗原。搜索国内外相关文献,LAS合并EORA病例罕见,可能与LAS漏诊、误诊相关。

原始出处:

毛桐俊, 盛君, 宣丹. 晚发型强直性脊柱炎合并老年类风湿关节炎1例[J]. 皖南医学院学报, 2018(1):100-101.

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    2018-12-28 zywlvao
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    2018-06-17 lmm397
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    2018-06-15 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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