用抗疟药治疗皮肤型红斑狼疮需要耐心

2012-09-18 网络 网络

在美国皮肤病学会夏季学术会议上,宾夕法尼亚大学赫尔希医学中心皮肤病科的Jennie T. Clarke博士指出,要提高抗疟药对皮肤型红斑狼疮(CLE)的疗效还有很长的路要走,并且需要极大的耐心。抗疟药是治疗CLE的有效药物,但仍有约1/3的患者经这类药物治疗后无应答。超过半数的CLE患者经羟氯喹单药治疗后获得应答。 一项纳入128例CLE患者的研究显示,约55%的患者经羟氯喹单药治疗后获得应

在美国皮肤病学会夏季学术会议上,宾夕法尼亚大学赫尔希医学中心皮肤病科的Jennie T. Clarke博士指出,要提高抗疟药对皮肤型红斑狼疮(CLE)的疗效还有很长的路要走,并且需要极大的耐心。抗疟药是治疗CLE的有效药物,但仍有约1/3的患者经这类药物治疗后无应答。超过半数的CLE患者经羟氯喹单药治疗后获得应答。




一项纳入128例CLE患者的研究显示,约55%的患者经羟氯喹单药治疗后获得应答(Arch. Dermatol. 2011;147:1261-7)。无应答者在原有治疗基础上加用阿的平后,有2/3病情减轻。43%的患者在2个月后仍持续获得应答。该研究表明,经单一抗疟药治疗后无应答的患者,可在羟氯喹或氯喹基础上加用阿的平来获得应答。然而,有1/3的患者经抗疟药联合治疗后仍无法获得应答。Clarke博士表示,抗疟药起效较慢,因此在使用这类药治疗时应有足够的耐心,需在给药2~3个月后再评价疗效,并且还应让患者了解这点,否则他们易于变得沮丧和不依从治疗。

过去18个月进行的一些研究提示,剂量和依从性、疾病严重程度及吸烟状态是3种可能导致抗疟药治疗失败的原因。

羟氯喹的生物利用度和清除率依不同患者而有所不同。此外,不依从率约为10%。一项纳入300例CLE患者的法国研究显示,羟氯喹的中位血浆浓度与治疗反应有关(Arch. Dermatol. 2012;148:479-84)。完全应答患者的中位羟氯喹血浆浓度显著高于部分应答或治疗失败的患者。多因素分析显示,完全应答与较高的羟氯喹血浆浓度和无盘状狼疮病变有关。血浆浓度和治疗反应与实际的(而非理想的)按体重给药剂量相关。吸烟与血浆浓度无关。170例盘状红斑狼疮(DLE)亚组患者经羟氯喹治疗后应答不明显。30例(10%)患者的血浆羟氯喹浓度极低(<200 ng/ml),可视为不依从治疗。然而,尚需进行进一步研究,以确定最佳的羟氯喹血浆浓度及实际的按体重给药剂量的毒性的影响。

一项纳入200例DLE患者的研究显示,1/3(35%)的患者在羟氯喹治疗6个月后无应答。治疗反应不佳与疾病严重程度和并存的系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)相关。然而,治疗反应与存在细胞色素P450基因或吸烟无关(J. Invest. Dermatol. 2011;131:1981-6)。

一项纳入218例CLE或SLE皮肤病患者的研究显示,当前吸烟者的病情更严重且疾病相关生活质量更差。吸烟者接受抗疟药联合治疗的比例也较高。当前吸烟者对抗疟药的治疗反应优于既往吸烟者和从未吸烟者。然而,在使用抗疟药和免疫调节剂/抑制剂的情况下,吸烟者的治疗反应差于非吸烟者。该研究表明,抗疟药对吸烟者有效,尤其是病情较轻的吸烟患者。但是,与抗疟药治疗失败的非吸烟者相比,治疗失败的吸烟者的预后可能更差。


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    2012-09-20 zhouqu_8