教你玩转 — 各类止血药 !

2016-12-30 佚名 医学之声

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垂体后叶素

应用:食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,溃疡,急性胃粘膜损伤,贲门黏膜撕裂

药理:含加压素及催产素,加压素使肠系膜动脉和肝动脉收缩,减少门静脉和肝动脉血流量,使门脉压降低。(可收缩冠状动脉,冠心病、高血压、心衰及肺心病患者慎用)

用法:5-10U加入GS 40ml iv,再用10-20U加入GS 500mlivgtt(10-20滴每分钟)维持72小时。必要时可加入硝酸甘油5-10mg

去甲肾上腺素

应用:局部止血

药理:作用于胃肠道黏膜的小动脉和毛细血管,使其强烈收缩

用法:16mg溶于200ml冰冻NS,50ml/次,每2-4h口服一次;或200ml滴入胃管内,若30min后出血不止可重复1-3次

生长抑素

应用:上消化道出血、胰腺炎、食破

药理:选择性直接作用于内脏血管平滑肌,使其血管收缩,从而减少门静脉血流量,降低门静脉压力;抑制胃肠道激素的病理性分泌过多

用法:

1.上消化道大出血,主要是食管静脉曲张出血:开始先静推250μg(即3mg)(3-5min内),继以250μg/h静滴,止血后应连续给药48-72h。

2.胰、胆、肠瘘250μg/h静滴,直至瘘管闭合,闭合后继用1-3d。

3.急性胰腺炎:250μg/h,连续72-120h;预防胰腺手术并发症连续用5d;对行ERCP检查者应于术前2-3h就开始使用本品。

卡巴克洛/卡洛柳钠

应用:毛细血管通透性增加所致出血,如ITP、视网膜出血、慢性肺出血、胃肠出血、鼻出血、咯血、血尿,痔出血、子宫出血、脑溢血

药理:降低毛细血管脆性,增加毛细血管对损伤的抵抗力,缩短止血时间

用法:5-10mg bid/tid im;严重出血10-20mg q 2-4h im

酚磺乙胺(止血敏)

应用:1.防治手术前后的出血;2.血小板减少性紫癜(TTP、ITP)、过敏性紫癜( HSP );3.其他原因出血:包括胃肠道出血

药理:降低毛细血管通透性,使血管收缩,出血时间缩短、增强血小板聚集性和粘附性

用法:ivgtt:每日4-8g,分2次

氨甲环酸

应用:1.纤维蛋白溶解亢进所致出血;2.治疗溶栓过量所致严重出血

药理:竞争性抑制纤维蛋白的赖氨酸与纤溶酶结合,抑制纤维蛋白凝块裂解,产生止血作用。止血作用强于氨基乙酸6-10倍。

用法:po:一次1-1.5g,一日2-4次;

ivgtt:一次0.25-0.5g,一日0.75-2g

氨甲苯酸(止血芳酸)

应用:纤溶亢进引起的出血;链激酶、尿激酶、组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)过量所致出血

药理:同氨甲环酸,止血作用较氨基乙酸强4-5倍

用法:po:一次250-500mg,一日3次;

ivgtt:一次100-300mg,一日不超过600mg

氨基乙酸

应用:1.同氨甲苯酸;2.肝硬化出血、肺出血。上消化道出血、咯血、ITP、白血病等出血;3.DIC晚期出现继发性纤溶亢进

药理:抑制纤维蛋白溶酶原的激活因子,使纤维蛋白溶酶原不能激活为纤维蛋白溶酶,抑制纤维蛋白的溶解。

用法:4-6g静滴,15-30min滴完;每小时1g维持,一日不超过20g,可连用3-4日

二乙酰氨乙酸乙二胺

(速尼;帮乐司)

应用:预防和治疗各种原因出血

药理:抑制纤溶酶原激活物,促进血小板释放活性物质,增强毛细血管抵抗力作用

用法:ivgtt,600mg-1200mg

抑肽酶

应用:防治各种纤维蛋白过度溶解引起的出血和各型胰腺炎

药理:广谱蛋白酶抑制剂,能抑制胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、纤溶酶及纤溶酶原激活因子

用法:2万U/kg/d分2次溶于GS中ivgtt

3凝血酶

凝血酶

应用:1.小血管或毛细血管渗血的局部止血;2.外伤出血;3.口服给药用于上消化道出血

药理:凝血机制中的关键酶,直接作用于血液凝固过程中最后一步,促使血浆中的可溶性凝血因子I转变成不溶的纤维蛋白

用法:消化道止血:用温开水溶解成10-100U/ml溶液口服

凝血酶原复合物

应用:1.凝血因子缺乏导致的出血,如乙型血友病、严重肝病、DIC;2.逆转抗凝剂诱导的出血;3.已产生凝血因子VIII抑制性抗体的甲型血友病;4.继发性维生素K缺乏的新生儿、口服光谱抗生素者,在严重出血或术前准备中给药;5.敌鼠钠盐中毒

药理:含凝血因子II、VII、IX、X及少量血浆蛋白;IX参与内源性凝血系统;VII参与外源性凝血过程;

用法:ivgtt,1U=1ml新鲜血浆;

蛇毒血凝酶

(立止血,巴曲亭)

应用:需减少流血或止血的各种医疗情况

药理:类凝血酶样作用,促进血管破裂部位的血小板聚集,释放一系列凝血因子及血小板因子3,使凝血因子降解生产纤维蛋白I单体,交联聚合成难溶性纤维蛋白,促使出血部位的血栓形成和止血

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1969588, encodeId=5f15196958839, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d2b86318194' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止血药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63181, encryptionId=d2b86318194, topicName=止血药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Thu Jun 15 10:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=168762, encodeId=f104168e62dd, content=学习了很多先进的医学知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Sun Jan 08 09:07:23 CST 2017, time=2017-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167954, encodeId=54e816e95456, content=垂体后叶素应用:食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,溃疡,急性胃粘膜损伤,贲门黏膜撕裂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 04 19:22:40 CST 2017, time=2017-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1263027, encodeId=3fb2126302e5b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebb5631e076' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63170, encryptionId=ebb5631e076, topicName=止血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 13:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167071, encodeId=564216e071d4, content=很受用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 16:34:08 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166896, encodeId=724216689604, content=谢谢了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 00:03:38 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-08 虈亣靌

    学习了很多先进的医学知识

    0

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    2017-01-04 inter158

    垂体后叶素应用:食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,溃疡,急性胃粘膜损伤,贲门黏膜撕裂

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1969588, encodeId=5f15196958839, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d2b86318194' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止血药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63181, encryptionId=d2b86318194, topicName=止血药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Thu Jun 15 10:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=168762, encodeId=f104168e62dd, content=学习了很多先进的医学知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Sun Jan 08 09:07:23 CST 2017, time=2017-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167954, encodeId=54e816e95456, content=垂体后叶素应用:食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,溃疡,急性胃粘膜损伤,贲门黏膜撕裂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 04 19:22:40 CST 2017, time=2017-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1263027, encodeId=3fb2126302e5b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebb5631e076' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63170, encryptionId=ebb5631e076, topicName=止血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 13:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167071, encodeId=564216e071d4, content=很受用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 16:34:08 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166896, encodeId=724216689604, content=谢谢了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 00:03:38 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-01 jeanqiuqiu
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1969588, encodeId=5f15196958839, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d2b86318194' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止血药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63181, encryptionId=d2b86318194, topicName=止血药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Thu Jun 15 10:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=168762, encodeId=f104168e62dd, content=学习了很多先进的医学知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Sun Jan 08 09:07:23 CST 2017, time=2017-01-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167954, encodeId=54e816e95456, content=垂体后叶素应用:食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,溃疡,急性胃粘膜损伤,贲门黏膜撕裂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Jan 04 19:22:40 CST 2017, time=2017-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1263027, encodeId=3fb2126302e5b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebb5631e076' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63170, encryptionId=ebb5631e076, topicName=止血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Sun Jan 01 13:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=167071, encodeId=564216e071d4, content=很受用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cb571956164, createdName=187清风, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 16:34:08 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166896, encodeId=724216689604, content=谢谢了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 00:03:38 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-31 187清风

    很受用。

    0

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    2016-12-31 txqjm

    谢谢了,学习了

    0

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