N Engl J Med:戒烟会变胖 抵消戒烟带来的健康益处?

2018-10-09 吴星 环球医学

戒烟可降低主要慢性疾病的风险,并延长预期寿命,但戒烟后戒烟者可能会出现相当大的增重。这种增重可能是由于食欲增加和能量消耗减少,可能会妨碍戒烟尝试,并可能通过增加心血管疾病和过早死亡的风险,来抵消戒烟对健康的益处。

戒烟可降低主要慢性疾病的风险,并延长预期寿命,但戒烟后戒烟者可能会出现相当大的增重。这种增重可能是由于食欲增加和能量消耗减少,可能会妨碍戒烟尝试,并可能通过增加血管疾病和过早死亡的风险,来抵消戒烟对健康的益处。

尽管存在这些担忧,关于戒烟后增重对健康影响的证据仍然模棱两可。不一致的研究结果,可能是由于既往观察性研究主要依赖于戒烟的“点患病率”,随访期间吸烟行为的可能变化通常是未知的。据报道,超过30%戒烟1年的戒烟者最终在未来十年内复发。

通过对美国男性和女性大型队列研究中吸烟状况和体重的纵向重复评估,2018年8月,发表在《N Engl J Med》一项研究根据戒烟后体重改变,评估已经报告戒烟的参与者的2型糖尿病风险、血管疾病死亡风险和任何原因死亡风险。

结果显示,近期戒烟者(戒烟2~6年)2型糖尿病风险高于当前吸烟者(HR,1.22)。戒烟后5~7年风险出现峰值,然后逐渐降低。2型糖尿病风险的暂时增加直接与增重成正比,未增重的戒烟者的风险不增加(P<0.001)。相反,戒烟者死亡率未暂时增加,而不论戒烟后体重是否改变。

与当前吸烟者相比,未增重的近期戒烟者的心血管疾病死亡风险比为0.69,增重0.1~5.0kg的近期戒烟者为0.47,增重5.1~10.0kg的近期戒烟者为0.25,增重超过10.0kg的近期戒烟者为0.33,更长期戒烟者(戒烟>6年)为0.50。任何原因死亡具有相似的相关性。

作者认为,戒烟并伴随大幅增重与2型糖尿病短期风险的增加相关,但是不会抵消戒烟对降低心血管和全因死亡率的获益。

烟草消费是中国公共健康领域的一大问题,大多数烟民从年轻的时候就开始吸烟。该研究发现,为延长寿命,吸烟者应优先戒烟,并尽可能控制体重、监控血糖。

原始出处:

Hu Y, Zong G, Liu G, et al. Smoking Cessation, Weight Change, Type 2 Diabetes, and Mortality. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 16;379(7):623-632. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1803626.

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    2018-11-06 haouestc
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785535, encodeId=05c21e85535b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34b86e91f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Engl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6791, encryptionId=34b86e91f9, topicName=Engl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7eeb2500172, createdName=haouestc, createdTime=Tue Nov 06 02:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2081490, encodeId=0ff22081490b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57406e8506' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Eng#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6785, encryptionId=57406e8506, topicName=Eng)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3516494, createdName=spoonycyy, createdTime=Sat Oct 27 02:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=352402, encodeId=dcff35240292, content=戒烟戒酒的益处。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Mon Nov 12 20:23:44 CST 2018, time=2018-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=349275, encodeId=90f73492e5e9, content=戒烟的应用导致不良反应。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sun Oct 14 10:57:34 CST 2018, time=2018-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609167, encodeId=5e68160916e98, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Thu Oct 11 09:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-27 spoonycyy
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    2018-11-12 jyzxjiangqin

    戒烟戒酒的益处。

    0

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    2018-10-14 jyzxjiangqin

    戒烟的应用导致不良反应。

    0

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