Nature:103个基因!70%!原来产前致死与胎盘大大有关!

2018-03-15 Yui 转化医学网

胎盘对于正常妊娠的进展和胚胎发育至关重要,因为大多数动物都需依靠它来进行繁衍生殖,包括我们人类。它在胚胎和母亲之间构架了一个独一无二的桥梁,确保了母体提供的充足的营养和氧气能够传输到胚胎。同时,胎盘也涉及了胚胎的废物处理,产生重要的激素,帮助维持妊娠和促进胎儿生长等等重要的功能。

胎盘对于正常妊娠的进展和胚胎发育至关重要,因为大多数动物都需依靠它来进行繁衍生殖,包括我们人类。它在胚胎和母亲之间构架了一个独一无二的桥梁,确保了母体提供的充足的营养和氧气能够传输到胚胎。同时,胎盘也涉及了胚胎的废物处理,产生重要的激素,帮助维持妊娠和促进胎儿生长等等重要的功能。


在健康的小鼠胎盘中,绿色表示母婴之间的交换

尽管先前的研究已经强调胎盘对于健康妊娠的关键作用,但其对妊娠并发症和出生缺陷的潜在贡献却一直被忽视。

近日发表在《Nature》上的一篇名为“Placentation defects are highly prevalent in embryonic lethal mouse mutants”的文章研究103个产前致死有关的基因,发现其中约68%的基因突变都会导致胎盘畸形,而早期胚胎死亡几乎都与严重的胚胎畸形有关。同时,胚胎缺陷与脑,心脏和血管的发育异常都强烈的相关性。

该研究由剑桥Babraham研究所的Myriam Hemberger博士、剑桥Wellcome Sanger研究所、伦敦弗朗西斯克里克研究所、牛津大学和奥地利维也纳医科大学相关人员共同研究负责。

虽然已有大规模的基因表型研究表明,大约敲除25-30%的小鼠基因会导致其在宫内死亡。但对基因突变的研究主要集中在胚胎还不是胎盘中。但这项研究的研究人员分析了103基因敲除后不会在小鼠出生后第14天(p14)内产生突变,但在出生前即胚胎日(E)14.5或E9.5中会产生突变胚胎。

对所有处于E9.5或E14.5或两者都是的胚胎进行组织学分析后,研究结果显示,在82个P14的致死胚胎中有56个检测到了胚胎畸形,其比例高达68%。这远远高于了MGI数据库注释的10%的突变率。


胎盘缺陷在影响胚胎存活的基因突变体中非常普遍

同时,研究人员还发现,这些与胎盘异常的基因突变都直接参与了胎盘的生长和功能的发育完善。


正常胚胎与基因突变的小鼠突变的对比

该研究的Myriam Hemberger博士说:“我们的数据突出了胎盘缺陷对促成异常胚胎发育的重要性,并提出了控制胎盘重要分子结构的重要性。在这些研究中,健康胎盘的重要性往往被忽视,重要的是我们开始更多地了解其对发育异常的贡献。”

虽然该项研究使用的是小鼠模型,但研究结果可能与人类妊娠期的并发症高度相关。这提示我们应该更加关注于人类妊娠期胎盘的发育。此外,该研究的研究人员正在开展关于小鼠胚胎干细胞的研究,以期进一步了解特定基因在器官发育中的功能作用。

原始出处:

Vicente Perez-Garcia,et al.Placentation defects are highly prevalent in embryonic lethal mouse mutants.Nature.14 March 2018

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    2018-11-30 liye789132251
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    2018-03-18 121f3903m94暂无昵称

    看不懂

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    2018-03-17 qilu_qi
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    2018-03-15 有备才能无患

    胎盘对于正常妊娠的进展和胚胎发育至关重要.因为大多数动物都需依靠它来进行繁衍生殖.包括我们人类.

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胎盘是一个动态的、异构的关键性器官,在母胎界面和妊娠期健康发育过程中扮演多重的角色。同时,它也是母体循环中胎儿细胞和游离胎儿核酸的主要来源。胎盘功能障碍可导致严重并发症,如先兆子痫(一种严重的妊娠并发症,会引起母亲血压上升,使大人和小孩都有生命危险)等。然而,对于这样一个神奇且至关重要的器官,我们之前的了解却很少。

生娃之后胎盘娩出不全,怎么办?

比较顺利的分娩过程不仅仅是母子平安,还应该是胎盘也完整的从母体娩出。但,事与愿违,总有那么些妈妈们的胎盘不能完整娩出,会剩余一些组织在子宫腔内。今天就和大家聊聊产后胎盘不及时娩出对妈妈们的影响以及相关的处理对策。关于胎盘残留在正常情况下,自然分娩的产妇在胎儿娩出后的5-15分钟内胎盘将会从产道完整娩出,最晚于30分钟内娩出。若胎盘未被完全娩出产妇体外,仍有部分组织留存于产妇子宫内部,则称之为产

Am J Obstet Gynecol:子娴前期患者的胎盘组织中MiR-30a-3p过表达,通过IGF-1影响绒毛膜细胞的侵袭和凋亡。

子痫前期(PE)影响了很多女性,仍是导致新生儿和产妇死亡的主要原因。很多研究人员认为胎盘miRNAs的异常表达与PE相关。目前,已在重度PE患者的胎盘中检测出34个PE相关的miRNAs,其中11个表达上调,23个表达下调。miR-30a-3p是PE患者中上调最显着的miRNAs中的一个。预测其靶点是胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1),已有报道IGF-1在PE患者中表达下调。本研究致力于验证miR-3

Toxicol Sci:孕妇CrVI暴露引起胎盘Cr积累与氧化应激,且存在着性别二态性

六价铬(CrVI)被广泛应用于众多行业,六价铬造成的环境污染在美国和发展中国家都是一个日益严重的问题。

Women and Birth:应该吃胎盘吗?这两篇文章认为并无显著效果

很多人相信,胎盘可以作为药用,能够补充能量、治疗产后抑郁。但事实真的是这样吗?近日《Women and Birth》期刊同时发表两篇文章,揭示胎盘在改善母亲情绪、调节激素等方面并没有显着效果。