卵巢癌术后铂-紫杉醇腹腔内给药生存获益优于静脉给药

2019-04-21 佚名 肿瘤资讯

目前,根治性手术后序贯铂-紫杉醇为基础的化疗是晚期卵巢癌的标准治疗模式。化疗可以采用腹腔内(IP)或静脉(IV)给药两种模式。近期,Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology发表了一项荟萃分析,纳入铂-紫杉醇为基础方案的临床研究,对IP和IV给药两种模式进行直接对比,以评估哪一种方式更优。谨对该研究进行介绍,并邀请中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院的林仲秋教授进行点评。

目前,根治性手术后序贯铂-紫杉醇为基础的化疗是晚期卵巢癌的标准治疗模式。化疗可以采用腹腔内(IP)或静脉(IV)给药两种模式。近期,Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology发表了一项荟萃分析,纳入铂-紫杉醇为基础方案的临床研究,对IP和IV给药两种模式进行直接对比,以评估哪一种方式更优。谨对该研究进行介绍,并邀请中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院的林仲秋教授进行点评。

林仲秋教授,中山大学妇产科学二级教授、主任医师、博士研究生导师,中山大学首届名医,中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院(附属第二医院)妇产科主任、 妇科肿瘤专科主任,澳门镜湖医院妇产科顾问医师,中国医师协会整合医学分会妇产科专业委员会副主任委员,中国优生科学协会生殖道疾病诊治分会副主任委员,中国抗癌协会妇瘤专业委员会常委广东抗癌协会妇瘤专业委员会主任委员,中华医学会广东妇产科学会副主任委员,广东妇科肿瘤学组副组长,广东中西医结合妇产科分会副主任委员.国内多种学术杂志常务编委或编委

研究背景

目前,根治性手术后序贯铂-紫杉醇为基础的化疗是晚期卵巢癌的标准治疗模式。鉴于其特殊的自然病史,卵巢癌被认为非常适合腹腔内化疗。因此,化疗可以采用IP给药或IV给药两种模式。过去几年,一些随机研究已经对比了这些给药方式,但生存率结果不一,主要是因为治疗的异质性。这些研究证实,虽然化疗IP给药方式引发的严重毒性更为频繁,但生存率与IV给药方式相似或更好。

在确立了铂-紫杉醇为基础的化疗治疗模式后,一些新的临床研究陆续发表,而此项研究纳入评估铂-紫杉醇为基础方案的临床研究,对IP和IV给药两种模式进行直接对比,以评估哪一种方式更优。

研究方法

研究系统性检索了2018年10月4日之前,电子数据库中所有相关的随机对照研究,要求所有发表或未发表的研究必须比较IP化疗和IV化疗两种模式在卵巢癌治疗中的作用。主要的研究问题是:在适合接受手术序贯标准化疗方案的上皮性卵巢癌、原发性腹膜癌或输卵管癌中,IP化疗对比IV化疗是否可以改善无进展生存(PFS)、总生存时间(OS)以及降低毒性。主要终点为PFS,次要终点为OS和出现≥2级急性毒性的患者比例。纳入的研究中至少报道了上述3个终点指标中的1个。

研究结果

研究筛选和研究特征

研究共检索到9项符合标准的随机临床研究,但其中5项随机研究未使用标准的化疗方案,因此未纳入分析。最终纳入4项随机研究(3项发表,1项未发表)中的2461例患者进行分析(表1),其中3项研究以PFS作为主要终点,1项研究以9个月的疾病进展率(PD9)作为主要终点。

主要结果

总体而言,2461例患者中,1551例患者出现疾病进展或死亡。相比于IV化疗,IP化疗可以带来显着的PFS获益(HR=0.88,95% CI 0.80~0.98;P=0.01),见图1。各个研究之间并未观察到显着的异质性。两个IP方案之间,即铂和紫杉醇联合或不联合贝伐珠单抗,并未观察到显着的PFS差异(HR=0.90,95% CI 0.78~1.03)。PFS获益仅限于IP化疗方案未联合贝伐珠单抗(图2和图3)。单用铂类和/或使用铂-紫杉类双药并未改变IP化疗方案的PFS获益(HR=0.79,95% CI 0.69~0.90和HR=0.81, 95% CI 0.67~0.97)。用于主要结果分析的证据治疗和推荐强度总结,见表2。

次要终点

3项研究报道了OS结果,结果显示IP化疗方案可以带来显着的OS获益(HR=0.79, 95%CI 0.67~0.92,P=0.003)。

≥2级急性毒性对比显示,IV化疗方案更优。使用IV化疗方案,中性粒细胞减少(HR=1.26, 95%CI 0.80~1.96)、乏力(HR=1.75, 95% CI 0.41~7.42)、粒缺性发热(HR=1.03, 95% CI 0.51~2.06)和血小板减少(HR=1.90, 95% CI 0.48~7.57)的风险虽不一致,但均显着更低。毒性对比数据见图4。

结论

这一荟萃分析显示,在晚期卵巢癌患者中,IP化疗方案可以显着改善患者的生存结局,尤其是PFS。紫杉醇联合铂类的IP化疗模式应推荐作为一些特定人群的治疗选择,如年轻的BRCA1突变携带者。后续的研究应该进一步探索最佳的IP模式和更为安全的IP方案,以实现个体化治疗。

专家点评

铂-紫杉醇为基础的化疗是晚期卵巢癌的化疗的基石。由于晚期卵巢癌腹腔播散的特点,腹腔内给药化疗已显示出生存获益优势。最近发表的这项荟萃分析纳入了4个腹腔化疗和静脉化疗的随机对照试验,包括GOG114、GOG172、OV21/PETROC和GOG252。

结果显示在2461例患者中,1551例患者出现疾病进展或死亡。相比于静脉化疗,腹腔化疗可以带来显着的PFS获益(HR=0.88,95% CI 0.80~0.98,P=0.01)。在腹腔化疗方案中,铂和紫杉醇联合或不联合贝伐珠单抗,并未观察到显着的PFS差异(HR=0.90,95% CI 0.78~1.03)。单用铂类和/或使用铂-紫杉类双药腹腔给药的PFS获益无差异(HR=0.79,95% CI 0.69~0.90和HR=0.81, 95% CI 0.67~0.97)。3项研究报道了OS结果,结果显示腹腔化疗方案可以带来显着的OS获益(HR=0.79, 95% CI 0.67~0.92,P=0.003)。但在≥2级急性毒性对比中,显示静脉化疗毒性较低,包括中性粒细胞减少(HR=1.26, 95% CI 0.80~1.96)、乏力(HR=1.75, 95% CI 0.41~7.42)、粒缺性发热(HR=1.03, 95% CI 0.51~2.06)和血小板减少(HR=1.90, 95% CI 0.48~7.57)的风险。

这些方案中,腹腔给药的药物包括顺铂75~100mg/m2,卡铂AUC 5~6和紫杉醇60mg/m2。由于药物动力学的特点,顺铂比卡铂更适合腹腔给药,所以既往的研究使用顺铂腹腔给药比较多。可是由于顺铂的肾毒性、神经毒性和消化道反应较重,造成了患者的耐受性较差并且需要水化,使用不方便。在GOG172原始方案中,顺铂的剂量为100mg/m2时,只有42%的患者能完成6个疗程的化疗,将顺铂的剂量调整为75mg/m2后,患者的耐受性得到了改善。所以,对于中国患者,建议采用75mg/m2这个剂量。

相对于顺铂,卡铂除了血液学毒性较重外,非血液学毒性均低于顺铂。正因为顺铂的不良反应,近年来将卡铂用于腹腔给药才逐渐起步,但目前尚缺乏顺铂和卡铂头对头直接比较的研究,能否用卡铂代替顺铂尚待进一步研究。

在妇瘤领域,因为顾忌紫杉醇过敏,将紫杉醇用于腹腔给药并不多,已见报道的研究也多采用60mg/m2小剂量,其余剂量仍然采用静脉给药。实际上,在肠肿瘤腹膜转移的治疗中,常常采用全量紫杉醇腹腔给药,发生过敏反应并不多,而且他们认为紫杉醇腹腔给药的效果甚至比顺铂还好,特别是配合腹腔热灌注化疗,效果更明显。

这一荟萃分析显示,在晚期卵巢癌患者中,腹腔化疗方案可以显着改善患者的生存结局,尤其是PFS。后续的研究应该进一步探索如何降低腹腔化疗的毒副反应、提高患者耐受性、探索药物剂量和组合,特别是紫杉醇全量用于腹腔内给药和结合腹腔热灌注化疗等模式。

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    2019-05-16 fusion
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