J Antimicrob Chemother:初级医疗中抗生素治疗胃肠炎常见吗?

2019-02-13 王淳 环球医学

2019年1月,荷兰学者发表在《J Antimicrob Chemother》的一项研究,考察了初级医疗中抗生素治疗胃肠炎(GE)的情况。

2019年1月,荷兰学者发表在《J Antimicrob Chemother》的一项研究,考察了初级医疗中抗生素治疗肠炎(GE)的情况。

背景:肠炎是请全科医生诊治的常见原因。然而,对于初级医疗中胃肠炎患者的抗生素处方知之甚少。本研究中,研究者量化了经验性和针对性抗生素治疗胃肠炎的比例、遵守初级医疗临床实践指南(CPG)的建议的比例以及接受诊断粪便检测(DFT)患者的抗生素耐药性程度。

方法:研究者使用160个全科医生的常规医疗数据进行了一项队列研究,包括2013~2014年的患者电子记录。提取了胃肠炎发作,并与微生物实验室记录相连从而获取DFT结果。对于每次发作,收集了患者特征、DFT结果(包括抗生素耐药试验)和抗生素处方的数据。

结果:研究者鉴别出13217例胃肠炎发作。1163例(8.8%)发作处方了抗生素治疗,最常见的是甲硝唑(n=646,4.9%)、阿奇霉素(n=254,1.9%)或环丙沙星(n=184,1.4%)。641例(5%)胃肠炎发作是经验性治疗,其中的30%(n=191)遵循了CPG推荐的抗生素选择。537例(4%)胃肠炎发作在DFT结果后处方了针对性治疗,其中的99%(n=529)遵循CPG建议。在3株沙门氏菌分离株(全部分离株的9%~13%)和1株弯曲杆菌分离株(1%)中,证实了一线或二线抗生素的非敏感性。

结论:初级医疗中,抗生素治疗GE相对不频繁,每11例发病才有1例接受治疗。经验性治疗比针对性治疗更常见,且多数是非CPG推荐的抗生素。然而,基于DFT结果的治疗遵循了CPG建议。

原始出处:

Schierenberg A, Bruijning-Verhagen PCJ, van Delft S, et.al. Antibiotic treatment of gastroenteritis in primary care. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019 Jan 1;74(1):207-213. doi: 10.1093/jac/dky385.

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    2019-08-18 xjy02
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