PNAS:联合基因疗法首获成功!同时治疗糖尿病、肾衰、心衰及肥胖等多种并发症!

2019-11-08 Paris 转化医学网

导 语:随着对疾病研究的深入,我们越来越深入地了解到各种疾病并发症的危害,然而,传统上各类疾病都是单一研究和治疗的,忽略了与年龄相关的疾病的相互联系,增加了相关治疗的毒副作用。

导 语:随着对疾病研究的深入,我们越来越深入地了解到各种疾病并发症的危害,然而,传统上各类疾病都是单一研究和治疗的,忽略了与年龄相关的疾病的相互联系,增加了相关治疗的毒副作用。

而近日发表在《PNAS》的一份新研究报道了一种单一组合基因疗法,可同时治疗肥胖,II型糖尿病,肾衰竭和心力衰竭四种疾病,该研究打破了目前单药单病的治疗僵局,展现了基因治疗治疗多种年龄相关性疾病的广阔前景,并证明了联合基因治疗通过同时解决多种疾病而延长健康期和延年益寿的潜力。



该基因疗法涉及了3种长寿相关基因,分别是成纤维细胞生长因子21 (FGF21)、αKlotho、小鼠转化生长因子-β受体2 (sTGFβR2)的可溶形式,通过腺相关病毒(AAV)进行了研究,每种病毒产生和注射之后,使用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)和Western印迹法或直接从小鼠血浆中的下游效应中验证了相应转基因的过表达。接下来,为了验证该基因治疗的安全性,研究人员对接受治疗的小鼠进行完整的尸检,结果发现,与对照小鼠相比没有明显的病理改变,这表明该基因疗法的确是安全无害的。

考虑到FGF21在新陈代谢和脂肪稳态中的作用,αKlotho和TGFβ1也已被证明是在小鼠肾功能衰竭进展的关键因素,并且FGF21已经显示保护免受化疗肾损伤,不仅如此,TGFβ1在心脏重塑和伤口反应中的核心作用表明,以AAV基因疗法的形式表达sTGFβR2(TGFβ1的阻遏物)可以减轻心力衰竭的进展。转基因小鼠过表达或者αKlotho或FGF21也已经显示出减缓这种疾病的进展。

基于以上发现,研究人员着重探索了它们有关减轻肥胖,II型糖尿病,肾衰竭和心力衰竭4种与年龄相关疾病的能力。他们使用AAV8作为运载工具,独立装载每一个基因,并将它们分别注射到肥胖症、Ⅱ型糖尿病、心力衰竭、肾功能衰竭的小鼠模型中,同时设置组合治疗组,观察基因联合疗法是否具有协同增益效果。

从肥胖症小鼠模型开始,研究人员测试了多种治疗组合,发现 AAV:FGF21以及其他 2 种基因疗法中的一种或两种都能够缓解 HFD 模型以及老年 ND 模型中的肥胖症表型。继续进行 II 型糖尿病模型,他们观察到包括 AAV:FGF21 在内的所有治疗组合均可挽救所治疗的 HFD 小鼠的 HOMA-IR 水平。接下来,该研究团队将个别疗法及其组合应用于 UUO 模型,发现与对照小鼠相比,所有疗法均对髓质恶化和αSMA 产生了积极作用。最后,将疗法应用于 AAC 心力衰竭模型,并证实了其他 3种模型的结果,对于 AAV:sTGFβR2 与 AAV:FGF21 或 AAV:αKlotho的组合观察到的效果最大。


在具有对照载体(右)和AAV:FGF21载体(左)的HFD上小鼠表现出的表型

总体而言,这些数据表明,由 AAV:sTGFβR2 和 AAV:FGF21 组成的单一组合治疗可以一次成功治疗所有4 种与年龄有关的疾病。与单独的基因疗法相比,这种组合在肾脏和心力衰竭方面均具有更高的治疗效果,并且在肥胖和糖尿病方面与 AAV:FGF21 疗法相似,保持了相似的治疗效果,从而为本研究涉及的 4 种疾病总体上提供了更好的治疗方法。

值得注意的是,本次研究注入的基因与动物的原生基因组始终保持分离,不会改变它们的天然DNA,也不会传递给后代或在活体动物之间传播。

本次研究为多发疾病的治疗奠定了基础,是与衰老相关疾病治疗史的里程碑式的事件,有望攻克人体寿命极限!

原始出处:

Noah Davidsohn, Matthew Pezzone, Andyna Vernet, et.al. A single combination gene therapy treats multiple age-related diseases. PNAS first published November 4, 2019

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    2020-10-04 zz70
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    2020-10-18 丁鹏鹏
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    2020-08-06 drwjr
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    2019-11-08 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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