一例横纹肌溶解综合征报告,却并非他汀引起!

2019-08-27 刘文豪, 李彬 中国循环杂志

肌肉疼痛、肌肉无力和酱油色尿,是横纹肌溶解综合征典型的临床三联征。天津中医药大学第一附属医院心内科李彬、刘文豪就遇见这样一位患者,不过不是他汀类药物“惹的祸”。

肌肉疼痛、肌肉无力和酱油色尿,是横纹肌溶解综合征典型的临床三联征。天津中医药大学第一附属医院心内科李彬、刘文豪就遇见这样一位患者,不过不是他汀类药物“惹的祸”。

患者为71岁的男性,因“周身酸痛3天、血尿1天”就诊。

该患者无其他疾病史、过敏史、外伤史及手术史,只高血压病史5年,服用硝苯地平控释片30 mg qd,高脂血症5年,未治。

由于血压控制不良,之后1个月就诊于社区医院,不断调整降压药物种类:停服硝苯地平控释片,改服缬沙坦片40 mg qd,之后加量到缬沙坦片80 mg,又换回硝苯地平控释片,又改为氯沙坦钾氢氯噻嗪片 62.5 mg qd,最终开始改服替米沙坦 40 mg qd,苯扎贝特400 mg tid。

之后第9日,晨起自行加服硝苯地平控释片30 mg qd,当日夜间出现双下肢肌肉酸痛,按压后明显。2日后,晨起肌肉疼痛明显加重并发展至四肢酸痛伴无力,不能自由活动,同日下午出现酱油色尿伴有泡沫,未诉明显尿痛。遂前往医院就诊。

查体心肺听诊阴性,心电图和超声心动图未见明显异常。实验室检查:尿素氮 14.72 mmol/L,肌酐146.07μmol/L,肌酸激酶38 031U/L,肌酸激酶同工酶726.4 U/L,甘油三酯2.06 mmol/L,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇0.71 mmol/L,极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇0.94 mmol/L,肌钙蛋白 I、B型利钠肽均在正常范围。

诊断为横纹肌溶解综合征,急性肾损伤,高血压2级,高脂血症。经治疗,患者病情逐渐缓解,入院第2天后血尿消失,血清肌酸激酶逐渐下降。约半个月后出院。

作者指出,临床上他汀类药物导致的横纹肌溶解综合征相关报告较多,而贝特类药物不良反应报告较少。

之前有研究显示,单独使用贝特类药物治疗高脂血症时横纹肌溶解综合征的发病率约为 2.82/10 000。

血清肌酸激酶被认为是诊断横纹肌溶解的最特异的指标,通常血清肌酸激酶升高超过正常上限 5~10倍,并伴有显着的肌肉疼痛和酱油色尿可诊断为横纹肌溶解。而本例患者入院时肌酸激酶在正常值200倍以上,较为少见。

值得注意的是,患者发病迅速。经分析,患者服用的替米沙坦、硝苯地平有“火上浇油”的作用。

有研究显示,替米沙坦可以激活过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体β(PPARβ),导致血清肌酸激酶升高。

而硝苯地平,和苯扎贝特均通过细胞色素CYP3A4酶系统代谢,从而减少苯扎贝特代谢率,使其体内血药浓度增加,进而增加横纹肌溶解发生风险。

对于急性肾损伤,作者指出,有研究发现血清肌酸激酶浓度>5 000 IU/L的患者要密切监测,因其急性肾损伤发生可能性大。

此外,横纹肌溶解综合征,半数在3周内出现明显临床症状,但还有部分患者出现症状时间较晚,这部分患者尤其值得关注。

作者强调,当患者是高龄、女性、肾脏或肝脏功能不全、甲状腺功能减退症、糖尿病、既往肌痛病史或血清肌酸激酶浓度升高史、多种降脂药物联合使用时,应该注意监测患者的肌酸激酶和肌酐。

此外,作者还特别指出,对于使用钙拮抗剂类药物降低血压同时加用贝特类药物控制血脂时,也应注意患者肌肉症状。

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    2023-10-20 ms9000000052336546 来自江苏省

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    2019-08-29 zhouqu_8

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深夜凌晨 2 点,一家三口来就诊,病人是女儿,主诉全身疼痛,坐卧不安,无恶心呕吐,无腹痛腹泻,无尿频尿急尿痛,无尿少及尿色变化,追问病史,患者近期无剧烈运动,无外伤,无口服药物病史,无长期卧床,曾于发病前 5 小时与家人一起进食过小龙虾。行相关检查,结果回报:血白细胞 11.38 x 109 /L 血红蛋白 134 g/L,尿红细胞250/ul(++++),血谷草转氨酶(AST)689 U/L,血