Nat Genet:突破!科学家利用新型算法成功追踪癌症的扩散过程!

2018-07-02 佚名 细胞

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Nature Genetics上的研究报告中,来自普林斯顿大学的研究人员通过研究开发出了一种新型的计算方法,其能够帮助有效追踪癌细胞如何从体内一个部位扩散到其它部位的,相关研究或为研究人员开发抑制癌症扩散的新型干预手段提供新的思路和希望。

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Nature Genetics上的研究报告中,来自普林斯顿大学的研究人员通过研究开发出了一种新型的计算方法,其能够帮助有效追踪癌细胞如何从体内一个部位扩散到其它部位的,相关研究或为研究人员开发抑制癌症扩散的新型干预手段提供新的思路和希望。

细胞的迁移就会诱发转移性疾病的发生,其常常会诱发实体瘤中90%的患者发生死亡(实体瘤即表现为大量细胞生长在诸如乳腺组织、前列腺或结肠等器官中),阐明癌症的转移机制或能帮助研究人员开发出新型疗法,来阻断癌症在机体中的扩散。

研究者Ben Raphael说道,这些转移性细胞内部是否存在特殊的突变来驱动其转移呢?这项研究中我们通过研究开发出一种新型算法,其能通过将细胞中的DNA序列信息进行整合,来追踪癌症的转移过程,研究者将这种算法称之为“MACHINA”(metastatic and clonal history integrative analysis,转移和克隆历史整合分析)。

研究者表示,这种算法能帮助研究人员从目前获得的DNA序列数据信息来推断机体过去发生的癌症转移过程。相比当前仅基于DNA序列的方法而言,这种新技术还能够绘制出癌症迁移历史的清晰图谱,当前有些研究能够推断出癌细胞的复杂迁移模式,但这种模式并不能反映当前的癌症生物学特定。

文章中,研究人员得到的数据非常复杂,但复杂的数据或许并不需要进行复杂的解释,通过同时追踪细胞的突变和移动,MACHINA算法就能够在某些患者体内发现由少量细胞迁移所诱发的转移性疾病,比如,在一个乳腺癌患者中,此前研究人员分析发现,患者的转移性疾病或许源于14个分离的迁移性事件,而这种新型算法却发现,肺部中单一的继发性肿瘤会通过仅仅5个细胞的迁移来播种其余的转移过程。除了乳腺癌数据图谱以外,研究人员还能应用这种算法来分析多种癌症患者体内的癌症转移模式,比如黑色素瘤、卵巢癌和前列腺癌等。

此外,多项额外的特性还能够帮助改善MACHINA算法的准确性,这种算法包括了一种不同遗传特性细胞的整合模型,其是基于一定的实验性数据所开发的,即肿瘤细胞能以簇的形式来在机体中建立新的位点,同时这种算法还能帮助阐明来自肿瘤细胞和健康细胞中不同DNA数据的不确定性。研究人员表示,这种新方法未来或有望广泛用于基因组学研究中,同时还能够阐明癌症进化的致死性阶段。

MACHINA算法的开发或为研究人员深入阐明大量癌症患者体内的转移模式提供了新的线索,同时也能够帮助揭示诱发不同类型癌症扩散的关键突变;下一步研究者Raphael将会加入来自血液中循环的肿瘤DNA、肿瘤细胞以及DNA表观遗传学改变的数据,使得这种新方法更加强大,最后研究者表示,一种更好的算法就好比一台强大的显微镜一样,当你认真观察微观世界时就会发现一些重要的细节,当然癌症转移的研究亦是如此。

原始出处:
El-Kebir M, Satas G, Raphael BJ.Inferring parsimonious migration histories for metastatic cancers.Nat Genet. 2018 May;50(5):718-726. doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0106-z. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

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    2019-02-07 canlab
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    2019-01-30 liye789132251
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    2018-08-31 cy0324
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    2018-07-04 蔬菜

    谢谢分享了高精尖的前沿技术.学习了

    0

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组蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD3能够在表观遗传修饰水平调控发育和分化、免疫以及肿瘤发生过程,该分子能够对具有基因抑制性作用的组蛋白标记H3K27-me3进行去甲基化,但是JMJD3在代谢调节方面的作用还没有得到深入研究。最近来自美国的研究人员在国际学术期刊JCI上发表了一项最新研究进展,他们发现JMJD3能够在饥饿情况下促进β氧化过程降低脂质水平。

Cell:科学家揭示端粒酶内部工作机制,在癌症、衰老中扮演重要角色

为四膜虫结合端粒DNA的端粒酶的结构提供了机制上的新认知;关于其催化核心的完整结构揭示了一个叫做TRAP的新的结构单元;揭示了DNA从活性位点到端粒DNA结合p50-TEB复合物的详细途径;揭示了端粒酶RNA TRE模板-TBE在端粒DNA合成过程中的作用。