Nature Biomedical Engineering:第一次!科学家们证实,控制染色质有望解决癌症耐药性难题

2017-11-08 佚名 生物探索

染色质——这个生物圈应该都了解的概念,它或许可以成为癌症治疗的关键!科学家们证实,通过改变染色质的组装密度,可以阻止癌细胞的进化,避免抗药性的产生,从而增强已有抗癌疗法和药物的治疗效果。

这一全新的抗癌策略由西北大学McCormick工程学院生物医学工程的Vadim Backman教授带领团队完成。他们将对抗癌症的关注点从传统的基因转移至染色质上,证实通过控制染色质结构,可以抑制癌细胞中与耐药性相关的基因表达,从而增强化疗、免疫疗法等治疗手段的有效性和持久性。

“如果基因是硬件,那么染色质就是软件。” Backman如此认为,“诸如癌症之类的复杂疾病并不依赖于单个基因的改变,而是取决于成千上个基因之间复杂的相互作用。通过靶向染色质,我们能够‘宏观’调控基因表达。”

在实验室中展现出对抗癌症的巨大潜力之后,这种疗法现在正处于动物试验阶段。相关研究成果发表在《Nature Biomedical Engineering》期刊。

抗癌新策略的关键——染色质

染色质(chromatin)是一种由DNA、组蛋白、非组蛋白及少量RNA组成的线性复合结构,是遗传物质载体在细胞分裂间期的一种形式。它和染色体在化学组成上并没有差异,只是包装程度不同。

除了存储遗传物质,染色质还负责确定哪些基因表达或沉默。在癌变细胞中,染色质会通过表达与抗癌治疗相关的耐药性基因,从而助力癌症的扩增。“癌症能够克服包括免疫系统、放化疗等多重阻拦、攻击而顽强存活着。” Backman解释道,“它们善于改变、适应、进化,从而应付多种危险状况。”

“宏观抗癌”

Backman的目标并不是发现新药物或者治疗方案。相反,他的团队致力于阻止癌症的适应性行为,从而增强当前已有治疗策略的有效性。他们采用了一种“宏观基因组学”方法——通过改变染色质的包装密度,控制生物系统的整个行为。

这项研究利用了Backman实验室去年开发的成像技术——分波光谱(Partial Wave Spectroscopic,PWS)显微镜。借助PWS,研究人员可以观察到活细胞中的染色质。更重要的是,研究人员能够利用PWS以前所未有的20-200纳米的范围观察染色质内部结构(细胞癌变过程中染色质转变的关键之处)。

结果显示,癌细胞中染色质的包装密度可以预测基因表达的变化——即便是在化疗的情况下,染色质包装密度越杂乱无序,癌细胞存活下去的概率就越大。但是,包裹密度越保守有序,细胞死于癌症治疗的可能性越大。

“这项工作有助于确定细胞核内的物理环境如何同时影响许多基因的表达模式。” 文章一作、Backman实验室的研究生Luay Almassalha表示,“这就像,城市环境如何影响成千上万人的行为。我们证实,染色质的生化变化控制着基因组的集体行为。”

如何改变染色质?

Backman团队发现,可以通过改变细胞核内的电解质控制染色质。为此,研究团队筛选了多种现有的药物,希望能够找到可改变细胞核物理环境的化合物,从而调控染色质的空间排列。

最终,他们找到两种已获批上市的免疫学制剂——Celecoxib(塞来昔布,治疗关节炎)、Digoxin(地高辛,治疗心脏病)具备预期的属性。他们将这些药物联合使用,用于对抗7种不同类型的癌细胞。

Backman将这一思路称为“染色质防护疗法”(Chromatin Protection Therapeutics,CPT)。通过PWS监测癌细胞,研究团队看到了“神奇的改变”——在两三天内,几乎所有癌细胞都死亡了。CPT化合物不会杀死细胞,它们负责重构染色质——癌细胞得以进化的致命弱点。

除了癌症,还可以治疗其他疾病

尽管这一治疗思路很有希望,但是在它真正造福癌症患者之前,仍然需要投入很多研究。“我们并不知道人体内部的环境会如何影响癌症的行为,或者会产生哪些不可预见的副作用。” Backman解释道。

研究团队认为,这一策略能够应用于其他复杂疾病,例如阿尔兹海默症、动脉粥样硬化等。他们相信可以通过控制染色质产生相反的效果——延长干细胞的寿命或者将正常体细胞转化为干细胞,从而修复大脑、脊髓损伤。虽然这一设想并没有实验数据,但是,已有的研究结果让大家看到潜力。

原始出处:

Luay M. Almassalha, Greta M. Bauer, Wenli Wu, et al. Macrogenomic engineering via modulation of the scaling of chromatin packing density. Nature Biomedical Engineering (2017), doi:10.1038/s41551-017-0153-2.

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    2018-03-14 一叶知秋
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    2018-06-02 sunylz
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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7583114e529' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medical#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11475, encryptionId=7583114e529, topicName=Medical)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbe912466517, createdName=海豹, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1575925, encodeId=d39a15e592516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dc0e6184243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#染色质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61842, encryptionId=dc0e6184243, topicName=染色质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d4ac16256960, createdName=guozhenyu, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1608219, encodeId=93dc16082198d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-03 一叶知秋
  4. 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  5. 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  6. 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  7. 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topicName=癌症耐药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09c937078197, createdName=spoonycyy, createdTime=Thu Mar 08 20:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785348, encodeId=60a21e8534805, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a9c6e87ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Engin#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6787, encryptionId=0a9c6e87ef, topicName=Engin)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3fc52500170, createdName=12498cbcm00(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Jan 05 09:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785406, encodeId=78ac1e854067d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db0e6e8835' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#engineering#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6788, encryptionId=db0e6e8835, topicName=engineering)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f7482500171, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Sun Nov 19 14:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2081418, encodeId=7d012081418e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57406e8506' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Eng#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6785, encryptionId=57406e8506, topicName=Eng)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3516494, createdName=spoonycyy, createdTime=Sun Dec 24 16:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1533562, encodeId=01d4153356263, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7583114e529' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medical#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11475, encryptionId=7583114e529, topicName=Medical)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbe912466517, createdName=海豹, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1575925, encodeId=d39a15e592516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dc0e6184243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#染色质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61842, encryptionId=dc0e6184243, topicName=染色质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d4ac16256960, createdName=guozhenyu, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1608219, encodeId=93dc16082198d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-12-24 spoonycyy
  8. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6788, encryptionId=db0e6e8835, topicName=engineering)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f7482500171, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Sun Nov 19 14:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2081418, encodeId=7d012081418e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57406e8506' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Eng#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6785, encryptionId=57406e8506, topicName=Eng)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3516494, createdName=spoonycyy, createdTime=Sun Dec 24 16:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1533562, encodeId=01d4153356263, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7583114e529' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medical#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11475, encryptionId=7583114e529, topicName=Medical)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbe912466517, createdName=海豹, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1575925, encodeId=d39a15e592516, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dc0e6184243' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#染色质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61842, encryptionId=dc0e6184243, topicName=染色质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d4ac16256960, createdName=guozhenyu, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1608219, encodeId=93dc16082198d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 01:03:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-10 海豹
  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882618, encodeId=8d69188261813, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Wed Mar 14 17:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917769, encodeId=c70f191e769eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, 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  10. 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