Spine J:棘突间装置治疗腰椎管狭窄再手术率

2014-09-12 orthowhq 丁香园

腰椎管狭窄指椎管解剖狭窄而压迫硬膜囊内的马尾神经根导致的疾病。腰椎管狭窄为腰椎手术最常见的适应症,年发生率为每10万人中5例。最常见的特殊症状为神经性间歇性跛行,包括腰痛、麻木,和/或放散至臀部、大腿或小腿的刺痛。上述特征性症状在伸腰时因椎管更狭窄而加重,屈腰时缓解。 腰椎管狭窄的原因包括:关节突关节炎,椎间盘退变和突出,退变性滑脱,峡部裂滑脱,变形性骨炎和黄韧带肥厚。治疗方法包括保守和手术,传

椎管狭窄指椎管解剖狭窄而压迫硬膜囊内的马尾神经根导致的疾病。腰椎管狭窄为腰椎手术最常见的适应症,年发生率为每10万人中5例。最常见的特殊症状为神经性间歇性跛行,包括腰痛、麻木,和/或放散至臀部、大腿或小腿的刺痛。上述特征性症状在伸腰时因椎管更狭窄而加重,屈腰时缓解。

腰椎管狭窄的原因包括:关节突关节炎,椎间盘退变和突出,退变性滑脱,峡部裂滑脱,变形性骨炎和黄韧带肥厚。治疗方法包括保守和手术,传统的手术方法为减压,包括开放或微创椎板切除、间盘切除及增生的关节突和韧带切除。为减少老年人减压相关发病率,美国FDA批准了棘突间装置X-STOP,用于50岁及以上腰椎管狭窄的治疗。

棘突间装置通过植入棘突间,通过机械性限制腰椎后伸,增加屈曲而扩大椎管和神经根管而减缓腰椎管狭窄症状。早期的小样本临床试验表明,棘突间装置优于保守治疗,也有研究报道棘突间装置并发症率高,再手术率高且花费高。截止目前,尚无研究直接对比棘突间装置和椎板切除术效果与花费。

美国西达斯西奈医学中心玛克辛Dunitz神经外科研究所的学者进行了一项回顾性对比研究,提示棘突间X-STOP治疗腰椎管狭窄再手术率及费用高于椎板切除术,文章于2014年8月发表在Spine J上。

该回顾性研究共纳入2007年-2009年MarketScan数据库中,腰椎管狭窄(不伴滑脱)行棘突间装置植入的病例,合计498例。对棘突间装置植入的病例,依据倾向得分匹配方法,与单节段椎管狭窄行单纯椎板减压术(不伴融合)的病例进行匹配。

对随访时间18月以上的病例进行评估,评估指标包括再手术率,并发症率和费用。

结果显示,数据库中498例行棘突间X-STOP植入的病例,平均年龄73岁,累计再手术率术后12月和18月分别为21%和23%,平均住院天数1.6天,花费17432美元。再手术中最多的是椎板切除,其次为新棘突间装置植入。

倾向匹配得分确定出棘突间植入和单纯椎板切除减压的两组各174例队列,椎板切除减压组住院天数长于棘突间植入组(2.5天 对 1.6天),棘突间装置组花费高(17674对12670美元)。住院期间(7.5%对3.5%)和90天(9.2%对3.5%)并发症,椎板减压组高于棘突间装置组。

术后12月随访,棘突间装置组再手术率高于椎板减压组(12.6%对5.8%),产生的费用也高(39173对34324美元)。

以上结果表明,对于腰椎管狭窄,棘突间装置在术后12月随访时,再手术率和住院费用明显高于椎板切除减压。但椎板切除减压的病例,术后并发症和住院天数高于棘突间装置的病例。

本研究中尽管数据详实,但最大的问题在于,通篇未明确给出,棘突间装置究竟为何种厂家的何种装置。文中提到,目前市场上有多种棘突间植入装置,美国FDA批准的是X-STOP。关于棘突间装置,目前只有其相对于保守治疗的I级证据(随机临床试验),表明其在2年的随访期内,疗效优于保守治疗。

需要说明的是,其随机临床试验中,评价指标为苏黎世间歇性跛行问卷量表,治疗成功的定义为患者“有些满意”(对应分数2.5)和至少分数提高0.5。本研究开展前,尚无I级证据提供棘突间装置和椎板切除减压的对比情况。

总体而言,棘突间装置可作为某些老年腰椎管狭窄患者的治疗方法,创伤略小,但再手术率高。椎板切除减压术仍为腰椎管狭窄的确切、长期疗效的治疗方法,只要患者能耐受麻醉和手术。

原始出处

Patil CG1, Sarmiento JM2, Ugiliweneza B3, Mukherjee D2, Nuño M2, Liu JC2, Walia S2, Lad SP4, Boakye M5.Interspinous device versus laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis: a comparative effectiveness study.Spine J. 2014 Aug 1

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    2014-12-23 ewsr11
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    2014-09-20 mgqwxj
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    2014-09-14 cnxcy