Lancet Oncol:依维莫司、帕瑞肽、依维莫司联合帕瑞肽对肺类癌的疗效评价

2017-11-06 wrangx 肿瘤资讯

有关肺类癌的临床研究十分匮乏。2017年10月23日《Lancet Oncology》在线发表随机、对照的Ⅱ期LUMA研究,判断依维莫司、生长抑素类似物帕瑞肽和两者联合治疗肺或胸腺类癌的疗效。结果为三种疗法均有效,但联合治疗的有效性最高。

有关肺类癌的临床研究十分匮乏。2017年10月23日《Lancet Oncology》在线发表随机、对照的Ⅱ期LUMA研究,判断依维莫司、生长抑素类似物帕瑞肽和两者联合治疗肺或胸腺类癌的疗效。结果为三种疗法均有效,但联合治疗的有效性最高。

背景

神经内分泌瘤为一组少见、来源于神经内分泌细胞的异质性肿瘤,主要起源部位有胃肠道、肺和胰腺。WHO将肺和胸腺来源的神经内分泌瘤(NET)分为四类:类癌、不典型类癌、大细胞神经内分泌癌和小细胞癌。缺少针对晚期肺或胸腺类癌的前瞻性研究,治疗建议多参考胃肠NET或包括部分肺和胸腺类癌病例的研究。

肺和胸腺类癌获批准的药物目前只有依维莫司。依据Ⅲ期RADIANT-4研究,FDA和EMA批准依维莫司治疗晚期不可切除分化良好的无功能肺类癌。RADIANT-4研究依维莫司显着改善晚期胃肠道或肺来源分化良好的神经内分泌肿瘤,对比安慰剂将中位PFS从3.9个月延长至11.0个月(HR0.48,P<.01),亚组分析依维莫司治疗肺类癌可延长5.6个月PFS(9.2个月对比3.6个月)。根据ENETS指南,晚期肺类癌建议一线治疗药物为依维莫司或生长抑素类似物(SSA:长效奥曲肽或帕瑞肽),其中SSA的治疗建议来自其他部位起源的NET或回顾性研究。帕瑞肽新型SSA与SSTR1、3和5结合,而奥曲肽仅与SSTR2结合。帕瑞肽可治疗奥曲肽耐药 的1~2级NET。长效帕瑞肽和依维莫司联合可能会更好的控制肿瘤。

方法

LUNA研究为前瞻性、随机、多中心、开放Ⅱ期研究,包括9个国家36家中心。要求年龄≥18岁,病理确诊晚期(不可切除或转移)分化良好的肺或胸腺类癌或不典型类癌。排除伴严重功能性疾病(如类癌综合征)需要SSA治疗患者。1:1:1随机分入依维莫司组(10mg口服,每天一次)、帕瑞肽组(60mg 肌肉注射,每28天一次)和依维莫司+帕瑞肽(10mg 依维莫司+60mg帕瑞肽)。依维莫司允许2次减量(5mg/天每日一次或隔天一次),帕瑞肽可减量为40mg或20mg。每3月评估一次疗效至12个月。首要研究终点为9个月时无疾病进展率,包括CR、PR和SD。

结果

1. 2013年8月至2014年9月,入组124例肺或胸腺类癌或不典型类癌,随机分入帕瑞肽组(n=41)、依维莫司组(n=42)和帕瑞肽联合依维莫组(n=41)。数据截止至2016年2月。中位年龄64岁,白人占94%,ECOG评分0分占62%,起源于肺占94%,不典型类癌占69%,无功能占77%,最常见转移部位为肝(77%)、骨(56%)、肺(39%)、颈部或胸部淋巴结(31%)、胸膜(8%)。除骨转移帕瑞肽组比例较高外,余特征两组均衡。

2. 43例患者治疗超过1年。12个月内治疗中断率为65%(n=85),其中因进展治疗中断33例,因毒性治疗中断33例。帕瑞肽组、依维莫司组和联合组9个月时无疾病进展率分别为39%、33.3%和58.5%,多表现为SD,见表1,疗效瀑布图见图1。三组中位PFS分别为8.5个月、12.5个月和11.8个月。帕瑞肽、依维莫司单药中位治疗持续时间分别为38.9周、26.9周,联合组中帕瑞肽和依维莫司中位治疗持续时间分别为48.4周和49.0周。帕瑞肽中位剂量强度单药组和联合组均为100%,依维莫司中位剂量强度单药组和联合组为93.6%和84.1%。

3. 最常见1~2级AEs:帕瑞肽组腹泻(37%)、高血糖症(41%)、体重下降(20%);依维莫司组胃炎(62%)、腹泻(38%)、乏力(20%);联合组高血糖症(66%)、腹泻(46%)和乏力(20%)。最常见的3~4级AEs:帕瑞肽组γ-GGT升高(7%)、腹泻(7%);依维莫司组高血糖症(17%)、胃炎(10%)、腹泻(10%);联合组高血糖症(22%)、腹泻(10%)。治疗12个月内及治疗结束56天死亡11例,帕瑞肽组2例、依维莫司组6例,联合组3例。治疗相关死亡,帕瑞肽组0例;依维莫司组1例(因腹泻导致急性肾衰);联合组2例(腹泻和尿路感染1例、急性肾衰和呼衰1例),考虑与依维莫司有关。

结论

本研究三组均达到主要终点,毒性谱与药物特点一致。可进一步研究帕瑞肽联合依维莫司治疗肺或胸腺类癌。

点评

Ⅱ期研究结果显示帕瑞肽、依维莫司和帕瑞肽联合依维莫司均具有抗肿瘤作用,PFS数据有待成熟。LUMA是第一个针对肺或胸腺类癌进行的前瞻、随机Ⅱ期研究,告诉我们在少见NET上开展研究是可行的。本组患者NET的侵袭性相对较高,不典型类癌占69%,既往经RECSIT评估为进展,功能性疾病占28%。根据临床经验和肺类癌生物学特点,新药出现和不可预期的功能性症状,为减少偏移选择9个月时无进展生存率作为主要研究终点。

依据RADIANT-4研究亚组结果,2016年依维莫司批准治疗进展性晚期肺类癌。探索性RADIANT2研究,伴类癌综合征低中分化肺NET,依维莫司联合长效奥曲肽和长效奥曲肽的PFS分别为13.6个月和5.6个月。本研究中,依维莫司单药或联合帕瑞肽治疗功能性或不功能肺类癌PFS分别为12.5个月和11.8个月,验证了RADIANT-4依维莫司可有效治疗肺类癌的结果。帕瑞肽治疗肠或胰腺来源1~2级NET的PFS 11.0~11.8个月,本研究治疗肺类癌PFS为8.5个月。Ⅱ期COOPERATE2研究,治疗无功能胰腺来源NET,帕瑞肽+依维莫司较单药依维莫司未改善PFS(16.8个月对比16.6个月),但联合治疗将有效率从6.2%提高至20.3%。

本研究局限性,第一有本量较小,缺乏安慰剂对照,结果只是探索性的;第二未对肿瘤起源(肺或胸腺)、病理亚型(类癌或不典型类癌)、Ki67指数(高或低)、基线影像进展中位时间进行分层分析;第三缺乏集中的影像学评估。

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    2018-05-15 howi
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    2018-09-10 minlingfeng
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1829303, encodeId=33dd18293039a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Tue May 15 16:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2052781, encodeId=b1822052e81cc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=175b4850181' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#帕瑞肽#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48501, encryptionId=175b4850181, topicName=帕瑞肽)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 14:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1865187, encodeId=d874186518eaf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Mon Sep 10 06:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2019671, encodeId=89df20196e175, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=50aee0412ea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疗效评价#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70412, encryptionId=50aee0412ea, topicName=疗效评价)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d81c2500028, createdName=12498561m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Dec 11 04:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1444288, encodeId=3cb41444288d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3d9291459d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#评价#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91459, encryptionId=3d9291459d1, topicName=评价)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1fee5134542, createdName=huagfeg, createdTime=Wed Nov 08 05:37:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-08 huagfeg