詹启敏院士:中国科技发展与精准医学

2016-06-26 MedSci MedSci原创

导语:首届亚太血管学术联盟深圳会议暨第三届深港澳血管论坛会议于2016年6月23-24日在深圳罗湖举行。北京大学医学部主任詹启敏院士就“精准医疗”给予了最新的解读。 24日上午,大会主席詹启敏院士作了“中国科技发展与精准医学”的精彩演说。梅斯医学作为媒体合作单位,发来现场报告。 詹启敏院士“健康梦”是“中国梦”的重要内容2014年12月习近平在调研农村医疗卫生事业发展时指出:“没有全民健康,就

导语:首届亚太血管学术联盟深圳会议暨第三届深港澳血管论坛会议于2016年6月23-24日在深圳罗湖举行。北京大学医学部主任詹启敏院士就“精准医疗”给予了最新的解读。



24日上午,大会主席詹启敏院士作了“中国科技发展与精准医学”的精彩演说。梅斯医学作为媒体合作单位,发来现场报告。

詹启敏院士

“健康梦”是“中国梦”的重要内容

2014年12月习近平在调研农村医疗卫生事业发展时指出:“没有全民健康,就没有全面小康。”

中国梦的目标是:实现中华民族伟大复兴,是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想——中国梦;

到2020年,全面建成小康社会的目标;到2050年,完成社会主义现代化国家的目标。

我国重大疾病防控任务面临巨大挑战

随着人口老龄化加速发展,环境污染日益严重,食品安全令人担忧,生活方式不健康,中国的疾病负担越来越重,我国慢性病导致的死亡已经占到我国总死亡的85%,慢病疾病负担已占种疾病负担的70%,高于世界平均水平。

重大疾病是造成我国人力资源丧失和经济损失主要原因,成为我国社会和经济发展过程中不可避免的严重障碍,是建成小康社会迫切需要解决的问题。

能否提高我国重大疾病诊疗水平,提高对公众的医疗服务能力,在很大程度上依赖于医学科技水平的全面提高。

临床疾病治疗的现状

目前肿瘤的治疗以手术、放疗、化疗、生物治疗、中医药等为主,但治疗效果不佳,很多肿瘤诊断时已为晚期,治疗被动,具有盲目性。精准医学对风险进行“精确”预测,对疾病进行精确”诊断和分类,对药物的精确”应用,对疗效的精确”评估,对预后的精确”预测是公众的需求,更是临床发展的需要。詹院士指出,生命权在医生面前是至高无上的,是无限的,每个医生都希望将患者治好,让患者健康,高质量的或者,但目前医学的手段是有限的,能治愈的疾病是十分有限的。媒体至少应该知道,疾病发生死亡是正常的过程。在西方国家,人们受到信仰的影响,认为人死后会进入天堂,会去见上帝或另一个空间,而在中国,人们对死亡是忌讳的,认为治不好是医生的错,这是不对的。媒体不能过分强调医生就是救死扶伤的,而应该要认识到目前医疗技术有限,很多疾病都是不可治愈的,否则,只会加剧医患纠纷。

精准医学的内涵


根据患者的临床信息和人群队列信息,应用现代遗传技术、分子影像技术、生物信息技术,结合患者的生活环境和方式,实现精准的疾病分类及诊断,制定具有个性化的疾病预防和治疗方案。

我国精准医学目标

以为人民群众提供更精准、高效的医疗健康服务为目标:

建立国际一流的精准医学研究平台和保障体系,自主掌握核心关键技术;

研发一批国产新型仿制药物、疫苗、器械和设备;

形成一批我国定制、国际认可的疾病预防和临床诊疗的指南标准、临床路径和干预措施;

提升重大疾病防治水平,带动生物医药、医疗器械和健康服务等产业发展;

支撑医药卫生体制改革和医疗模式变革,推进建设“健康中国”。

精准医学贯穿整个疾病预防和诊疗过程

大健康策略——关注健康多环节,包括个体健康,社区健康,医院管理和健康产业的发展与规范。

精准医学发展的重点研究任务

包括精准防控技术及防控模式研究,分子标志物的发现和应用,分子影像学和病理学的精准诊断,临床精准治疗。其中,重要的支撑平台是生物样本库,谁拥有生物样本资源,谁就掌握医学科技主动权;谁就能占据医学竞争制高点。

精准医学是转化医学研究的重要内涵和目标,是循证医学新的历史要求,是实现4P医学重要手段。精准医学将以六大科学层面问题为关注点:阐释疾病发生发展机制,发现标志物和实现肿瘤早期诊断,研发靶向药物特异、有效地治疗疾病,使用分子分型及分子分期进行个体化的治疗和预后判断,在分子流行病层面采取综合性防控措施,医学与材料、工程、信息等多学科交叉研究。

精准治疗是结合个性化治疗和预后判断,避免治疗不足,防治治疗过度。个性化治疗的科学依据是:药物安全性和有效性的差异是众多复杂因素共同作用的结果。个体化医疗的临床需求对医疗市场提出的两个问题:如何筛选对药物有效的人群?如何实施个性化的治疗?这涉及精准药物的研发和应用,靶向治疗对靶向药物提出了新的挑战。如,Gleevec:Ab1,PDGFR和c-Kit激酶的抑制剂,治疗髓细胞样白血病(CML)和胃肠基质细胞瘤;Herceptin:Her2/ErbB2的抑制剂,治疗乳腺肿瘤(HER2/neu);Iressa:EGFR突变体的抑制剂,治疗肺腺癌;Vemurafenib:BRAF抑制剂,治疗黑色素瘤;Erbitux:Ras通路抑制剂,治疗结直肠癌

詹院士指出,以往针对同样的组织分型和临床分期的肿瘤,通常采用相同的治疗方案,但只有 50% 以下的患者取得理想的疗效,未来通过基因组测序、微创技术、大数据分析、分子影像、分子病理的支撑,相同组织分型的疾病将细分出不同分子分型、分子分期,将使患者的治疗方案有所变化,即辨证施治,体现同病异治,异病同治。这种理念方式使治疗更有效、低毒,并节省治疗成本。

最后,詹院士指出,目前我国正经历着精准医学发展的历史机遇,精准医学是公众的需求,得到了政府的重视和社会关注,传统医学的理论和学术支持,以及我们人口众多,大量的患者资源和优秀的专家团队,是现在医学发展的契机。把握好精准医学发展的历史机遇,可实现中国医学的弯道超车。

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    2016-09-03 1dedd5d0m44(暂无匿称)

    以患者为中心,多学科联合差异化治疗路还长着在当前情况下,一般患者难以享受

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110145, encodeId=af511101458c, content=以患者为中心,多学科联合差异化治疗路还长着在当前情况下,一般患者难以享受, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b8711727405, createdName=1dedd5d0m44(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 03 08:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1403050, encodeId=4f8614030506d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Tue Jun 28 11:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1439083, encodeId=07ce1439083a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a993910865f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#詹启敏#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91086, encryptionId=a993910865f, topicName=詹启敏)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Jun 28 11:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91344, encodeId=0dc69134459, content=精准医学就是以患者为中心,需要社会各个方面以患者为中心进行全方位的配合。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f081741790, createdName=1df0f085m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jun 27 17:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91242, encodeId=2b5f9124229, content=说得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=169, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91243, encodeId=9dc49124309, content=的确不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-27 1df0f085m12(暂无匿称)

    精准医学就是以患者为中心,需要社会各个方面以患者为中心进行全方位的配合。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110145, encodeId=af511101458c, content=以患者为中心,多学科联合差异化治疗路还长着在当前情况下,一般患者难以享受, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b8711727405, createdName=1dedd5d0m44(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 03 08:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1403050, encodeId=4f8614030506d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Tue Jun 28 11:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1439083, encodeId=07ce1439083a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a993910865f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#詹启敏#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91086, encryptionId=a993910865f, topicName=詹启敏)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Jun 28 11:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91344, encodeId=0dc69134459, content=精准医学就是以患者为中心,需要社会各个方面以患者为中心进行全方位的配合。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f081741790, createdName=1df0f085m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jun 27 17:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91242, encodeId=2b5f9124229, content=说得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=169, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91243, encodeId=9dc49124309, content=的确不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-27 milkshark

    说得很好

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=110145, encodeId=af511101458c, content=以患者为中心,多学科联合差异化治疗路还长着在当前情况下,一般患者难以享受, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b8711727405, createdName=1dedd5d0m44(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Sep 03 08:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1403050, encodeId=4f8614030506d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Tue Jun 28 11:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1439083, encodeId=07ce1439083a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a993910865f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#詹启敏#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91086, encryptionId=a993910865f, topicName=詹启敏)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Jun 28 11:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91344, encodeId=0dc69134459, content=精准医学就是以患者为中心,需要社会各个方面以患者为中心进行全方位的配合。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f081741790, createdName=1df0f085m12(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Jun 27 17:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91242, encodeId=2b5f9124229, content=说得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=169, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91243, encodeId=9dc49124309, content=的确不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-27 milkshark

    的确不错

    0

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