Neurosurgery:颈动脉注射骨髓间质干细胞治疗大脑损伤

2012-02-04 MedSci MedSci原创

在脑损伤大鼠上开展的实验表明,通过颈动脉注射的干细胞能直接到达大脑,并极大地促进了大脑功能的恢复,研究结果由Lippincott Williams和Wilkins发表于2月刊的Neurosurgery杂志上。 颈动脉注射技术--结合某种形式的体内光学成像来跟踪移植后的干细胞--这可能是人类脑外伤(TBI)中干细胞移植的新方法的一部分,根据日本北海道大学Toshiya Osanai博士领导的一项新

在脑损伤大鼠上开展的实验表明,通过颈动脉注射的干细胞能直接到达大脑,并极大地促进了大脑功能的恢复,研究结果由Lippincott Williams和Wilkins发表于2月刊的Neurosurgery杂志上。

颈动脉注射技术--结合某种形式的体内光学成像来跟踪移植后的干细胞--这可能是人类脑外伤(TBI)中干细胞移植的新方法的一部分,根据日本北海道大学Toshiya Osanai博士领导的一项新研究。

先进的成像技术使研究人员能够追踪干细胞

研究人员在大鼠中评估了干细胞移植的一种新的"动脉"技术。在诱导TBI后的7天内,由大鼠骨髓制备的干细胞注射入颈动脉。目的是将干细胞直接递送至大脑,而无需使它们通过大循环。

在注射前,干细胞被标记上"量子点"--使用纳米技术创造的一种生物相容性、荧光半导体。量子点能发出近红外光波,具有更长的波长,能够穿透骨骼和皮肤。这使得研究人员在移植后的4周里能对干细胞进行无创监测。

使用这种体内光学成像技术,Osanai博士和他的同事们能够看到,注射的干细胞穿过了大脑的"第一关",而没有进入大循环。在3个小时内,干细胞开始从大脑毛细血管迁移到脑损伤部位。

在4周后,接受干细胞移植的大鼠,其运动功能显著恢复,而未接受干细胞的大鼠没有恢复。对接受干细胞移植的大鼠大脑进行检查,证实了干细胞已转化成不同类型的脑细胞,参与了受损大脑区域的愈合。

人类脑损伤干细胞治疗的进一步发展

干细胞有可能成为治疗大脑损伤(包括脑外伤和中风)的一种重要的新疗法。骨髓干细胞,正如在该研究中使用的一样,是一个有前景的供体细胞来源。然而,还存在很多问题,诸如移植的最佳时机、剂量及干细胞递送路线。

在这项新的动物试验中,在TBI之后的一周进行了干细胞移植--这是"临床相关"的时间,因为从骨髓中制备干细胞需要至少一周的时间。颈动脉注射干细胞是一个相对简单的程序,将细胞直接递送至大脑。

实验的证据表明,干细胞治疗能够促进脑外伤的愈合,显著地恢复大脑的功能。通过使用体内光学成像,该项研究首次成功地在活体动物大脑内对动脉内移植的干细胞进行了长达4周的追踪监测。一些类似的成像技术在人类中检测移植后的干细胞的作用可能会非常有用。然而,在人类患者中追踪干细胞可能会有难度,因为人类的头骨和头皮远比大鼠的要厚得多。"将体内光学成像应用于临床还需要进行进一步的研究,"研究人员补充道。(生物谷bioon.com)

Therapeutic Effects of Intra-Arterial Delivery of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury of Rats—In Vivo Cell Tracking Study by Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging.

Toshiya Osanai, Satoshi Kuroda, Taku Sugiyama, Masahito Kawabori, Masaki Ito, Hideo Shichinohe, Yuji Kuge, Kiyohiro Houkin, Nagara Tamaki, Yoshinobu Iwasaki.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: A noninvasive and effective route of cell delivery should be established to yield maximal therapeutic effects for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate whether intra-arterial delivery of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) significantly promotes functional recovery in traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. METHODS: Rat BMSCs were transplanted through the ipsilateral internal carotid artery 7 days after the onset of cortical freezing injury. The BMSCs were labeled with fluorescent dye, and in vivo optical imaging was employed to monitor the behaviors of cells for 4 weeks after transplantation. Motor function was assessed for 4 weeks, and the transplanted BMSCs were examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In vivo optical imaging and histologic analysis clearly demonstrated that the intra-arterially injected BMSCs were engrafted during the first pass without systemic circulation, and the transplanted BMSCs started to migrate from the cerebral capillary bed to the injured CNS tissue within 3 hours. Intra-arterial BMSC transplantation significantly promoted functional recovery after cortical freezing injury. A subgroup of BMSCs expressed the phenotypes of neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells around the injured neocortex 4 weeks after transplantation.

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    2015-09-27 boxs

    My prleobm was a wall until I read this, then I smashed it.

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    2012-07-01 chg121
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    2012-02-06 lsndxfj
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