LANCET:大规模临床试验比较利伐沙班vs.阿司匹林治疗急性冠状动脉综合征的出血风险!

2017-03-24 MedSci MedSci原创

双重抗血小板治疗(DAPT),阿司匹林加P2Y12抑制剂,是急性冠状动脉综合征后的标准抗血栓治疗。Xa因子抑制剂利伐沙班可以降低使用DAPT后的死亡率和缺血事件发生,但是其增加了出血的发生。将低剂量利伐沙班(替代阿司匹林)与P2Y12抑制剂结合的双通道抗血栓治疗方法的安全性尚未在急性冠状动脉综合征中进行评估。近期,一项发表在权威杂志LANCET上的研究旨在评估利伐沙班2.5 mg,每日两次与阿司匹

双重抗血小板治疗(DAPT),阿司匹林加P2Y12抑制剂,是急性冠状动脉综合征后的标准抗血栓治疗。Xa因子抑制剂利伐沙班可以降低使用DAPT后的死亡率和缺血事件发生,但是其增加了出血的发生。将低剂量利伐沙班(替代阿司匹林)与P2Y12抑制剂结合的双通道抗血栓治疗方法的安全性尚未在急性冠状动脉综合征中进行评估。


近期,一项发表在权威杂志LANCET上的研究旨在评估利伐沙班2.5 mg,每日两次与阿司匹林每天100mg相比,联合氯吡格雷或替卡格雷(在随机化前由研究者酌情选择),对急性冠状动脉综合征患者在出现症状后10天内开始并持续6-12个月的效果。

此项研究在21个国家371个临床中心进行的双盲、多中心随机试验(GEMINI-ACS-1),合格患者年龄大于18岁,具有不稳定型心绞痛、非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)或ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI),心脏生物标志物阳性并且具有缺血心电图改变或冠脉造影确诊的动脉粥样硬化性病变。参与者诊断为急性冠状动脉综合征事件在入院后10天内按照计算机生成的随机化方案随机分配(1:1)进行阿司匹林或利伐沙班治疗。随机化通过使用大小为4的随机排列块进行平衡,并且基于在随机化时期使用的P2Y12抑制剂(氯吡格雷或替卡格雷)进行分层。调查人员和病人被掩盖了治疗任务。患者接受至少180天的双盲治疗,利伐沙班2.5 mg,每日两次,阿司匹林每日100mg,每日一次。试验期间氯吡格雷或替卡格洛的选择不是随机的,而是基于研究者的偏好。主要研究终点是直至390天,心肌梗塞溶栓(TIMI)出现显着的出血与冠状动脉旁路移植无关(CABG;主要,次要或需要医疗关注)。主要分析是意向治疗。此项研究在ClinicalTrials.gov注册,编号NCT02293395。

研究结果显示:自2015年4月22日至2016年10月14日,3037例急性冠状动脉综合征患者接受随机分配; 1518名接受阿司匹林治疗和1519名接受利伐沙班治疗。1704例(56%)接受替卡格雷,1333例(44%)接受氯吡格雷。治疗的中位时间为291天(IQR 239-354)。 利伐沙班组与阿司匹林组治疗的TIMI非CABG临床显着出血概率相似(共154例[5%]); 1519例中有80例(5%)与1518例中有74例患者(5%)[5%],HR 1.09 [95%CI 0 .80-1.50]; p = 0.5840)。

此项研究表明:将低剂量利伐沙班与P2Y12抑制剂联合用于治疗急性冠状动脉综合征患者的双途径抗血栓治疗方法与阿司匹林和P2Y12抑制剂治疗的临床出血风险相似。

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    2017-04-21 howi
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    2017-10-18 ylz8403
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    2017-03-24 1e15b6fem30(暂无匿称)

    很好的学习资料,感谢了。

    0

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几十年来,房颤患者预防卒中发生,口服抗凝药是唯一的降血稀释剂。应用华法林需要持续监测其效果,并且华法林受到大量的药物和食物的相互作用。现在一些非维生素K拮抗剂口服抗凝药物(NOAC)可用于房颤患者。在一项发表于CHEST杂志的研究表明,梅奥诊所的心脏病专家Peter Noseworthy,和他的同事比较了三种NOACs(达比加群,利伐沙班和阿哌沙班)有效性和安全性。Noseworthy说:“大型随

CHEST:利伐沙班长期抗凝治疗可预防复发性VTE发生

用于急性深静脉血栓形成(DVT)或肺栓塞(PE)的短期抗凝治疗有效地降低了在前6至12个月治疗期间复发性疾病的风险。持续的抗凝治疗通常不是规定的治疗方法,这是由于医生感觉大出血的风险超过新的静脉血栓形成事件的风险。作者通过使用随机化的EINSTEIN-延长试验进行了益处-风险分析,该试验比较了1197例继续使用利伐沙班与安慰剂的症状性DVT或PE患者的结果,这些患者已经完成6至12个月抗凝治疗,在

Heart:房颤患者早期不持续性服用达比加群和利伐沙班对临床结局有何影响?

在临床实践中NOAC的非持续服药的发生率较高,达比加群和利伐沙班用药后6个月,大约有三分之一的患者不再持续服药。利伐沙班或达比加群的非持久性服药与较差的卒中/ TIA /死亡等临床预后显著相关。

NEJM:利伐沙班或阿司匹林对静脉血栓延长治疗疗效比较!

在等量持续抗凝的静脉血栓栓塞的患者中,在治疗剂量(20mg)或预防剂量(10mg)的利伐沙班治疗复发事件风险显著低于阿司匹林治疗,而且出血率不显著增加。

Stroke:房颤患者卒中预防选择利伐沙班还是达比加群或华法林?

这个系统评价和荟萃分析显示,在房颤患者脑卒中/血栓栓塞预防上利伐沙班与达比加群一样有效,但比华法林更有效。利伐沙班与达比加群发生大出血的风险要显著增加,全因死亡率和胃肠道出血也一样。利伐沙班与华法林发生大出血风险类似,但胃肠道出血的风险增加而颅内出血风险降低。

JAMA Intern Med:利伐沙班会增加非瓣膜性房颤患者的颅内外出血风险

近期的研究表明,对于非瓣膜性心房颤动老年患者,Xarelto与Pradaxa相比,会增加颅内和颅外出血风险。 FDA药物评价与研究中心的David J. Graham称,Xarelto (rivaroxaban, Janssen)与Pradaxa (dabigatran, Boehringer-Ingelheim)相比,会减少栓塞性卒中风险,增加死亡率。 Graham和他的同事进行了一