BMJ:钝性颈部创伤后亚急性气道急症处理-案例报道

2017-02-16 xing.T MedSci原创

轻微损伤后即可引起咽后血肿,压迫气管危及生命。咽后血肿的原因是多种多样的,病例中报告的常见原因为创伤,包括颈椎损伤、误食异物和医源性损伤。

患者为一名60岁的女性,在一次跌倒后颈部发生直接的创伤而入院,她的嗓音逐渐恶化,吞咽困难,颈部运动疼痛。颈部明显肿胀和青紫延续到前胸壁。对颈椎触诊无压痛。进行颈椎侧位片(如图1所示)检查,颈椎侧位片上显示了什么?


图1

答案

X光片显示巨大咽后血肿,上呼吸消化道变形和正常颈椎生理曲度消失。

轻微损伤后即可引起咽后血肿,压迫气管危及生命。咽后血肿的原因是多种多样的,病例中报告的常见原因为创伤,包括颈椎损伤、误食异物和医源性损伤。

在这个病例中,患者被认为不稳以至于刚开始不能接受CT检查,因此,急诊手术气管切开和引流血肿前进行清醒纤维支气管镜气管插管。病人没有任何骨损伤的临床证据;对棘突触诊无压痛,神经系统检查无明显异常。从咽后间隙引流出约400毫升血液,并且插入了两排引流管。术后成功地进行CT扫描(如图2所示),显示纵隔内有少量残余血肿和排除颈椎骨折。在术后九天拔除引流管,一个月后气管拔管成功。该患者从这次创伤中恢复得很好。


图2术后CT扫描在咽后间隙显示两个引流管。原位气管切开、鼻饲管插入

学习要点
咽后血肿呈现食管和气管受压、气管位置前移和颈部和前胸皮下淤血的三联征。
侧位颈部X线检查有助于确定软组织肿胀。

原始出处:

Emily Lowe,et al. Management of subacute airway emergency after blunt neck trauma
BMJ 2017; 356 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j141

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    2017-07-09 wjywjy
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    2017-05-31 gaoxiaoe
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