专访张艰教授:EGFR—TKI的优势促成EGFR突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者具有更好的疗效、更少的不良反应

2017-03-23 小楠 中国医学论坛报

2017年新版基本医保药品目录于不久前更新,较2009年版目录增加了339个药品,增幅达15.4%,引发广泛影响。同时,还有一些药品被列为“拟谈判药品范围”如非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)小分子靶向药物厄洛替尼等。近期,我们对多位专家进行专访,探讨了肺癌治疗现状、精准医学时代靶向治疗的疗效和安全性特点,并提出了靶向药物纳入医保的期待。本文总结第四军医大学西京医院呼吸内科张艰教授主要观点与读者分享。

2017年新版基本医保药品目录于不久前更新,较2009年版目录增加了339个药品,增幅达15.4%,引发广泛影响。同时,还有一些药品被列为“拟谈判药品范围”如非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)小分子靶向药物厄洛替尼等。近期,我们对多位专家进行专访,探讨了肺癌治疗现状、精准医学时代靶向治疗的疗效和安全性特点,并提出了靶向药物纳入医保的期待。本文总结第四军医大学西京医院呼吸内科张艰教授主要观点与读者分享。

Q1:首次确诊的肺癌患者中,晚期患者占比约有多少?

张艰教授:晚期患者大约占到80%以上,首先早期肺癌患者很少有临床症状;其次我国现行的医疗健康查体方案中,多选择胸部X光片而非胸部CT作为肺部检查的手段,致使一定程度上,漏诊早期肺癌患者。

Q2:如何做到肺癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗?

张艰教授:首先作为医护人员要具备宣传教育的意识,向广大的民众宣讲早期肺癌通常不具有咳嗽、咳痰、咳血、胸痛等症状,通过宣讲提高民众到医院检查的意识。其次,医院、卫计委、查体中心等多部门联合,强调对于肺癌高危人群,如有吸烟史、有家族肿瘤病史、有肺部慢性炎症、长期从事电离辐射等高危人群,应用高分辨胸部CT而非胸部X光片筛查早期肺癌。

Q3:肺癌的经典治疗手段包括哪些?

张艰教授:肺癌分为Ⅳ期,每期的治疗手段也不同。①对于0期的肺癌患者可手术根治,术后不需任何的药物治疗和放疗;②对于I期肺癌患者中的大部分,术后也不需要化疗和放疗;③而对于Ⅱ期到Ⅲ A期之间的患者强调以手术为主,辅助放疗和化疗; ④对于Ⅲ B期到Ⅳ期的晚期肺癌患者,主要是以药物治疗、放疗和临床新药实验为主的综合治疗。 其中,对于晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,首先应进行EGFR等基因的检测,具有基因突变的人群,首选针对基因突变的分子靶向药物;不具有基因突变的人群,应根据患者的一般状况,首选化疗药物加局部放疗。

Q4:肺癌治疗已经进入精准医学时代,靶向治疗药物给传统的肺癌治疗临床实践带来了哪些改变?

张艰教授:精准治疗的前提,必须是肿瘤基因分型的明确。因为针对表皮生长因子(EGFR)突变的患者,ALK融合基因表达的患者,选择的是不同分子靶向药物。这些患者应用分子靶向药物后,和传统的化疗患者相比其疾病无进展生存期明显延长,毒副反应轻。如厄洛替尼用在EGFR阳性的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,无进展生存期可超过一年,明显优于传统的化疗药物,并且胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制等药品不良反应的发生率,都要远低于经典的化疗方案。

Q5:厄洛替尼一线治疗适应证的获批将给晚期EGFR敏感突变的NSCLC患者治疗带来什么样的改变?

张艰教授:厄洛替尼一线治疗适应证的获批将给患者带来更长的疾病无进展生存期以及更少的药品毒副反应。由于药物有较好的血脑屏障穿透力,对于晚期肺癌伴脑转移的患者,与其他药物相比,对脑转移瘤的控制可能更好。

Q6:对于厄洛替尼价格和进医保目录方面,您有什么期待?

张艰教授:厄洛替尼在临床上已经得到很多医生认可,如果能够进入国家医保目录,将会让更多患者不仅疾病治疗获益,并且减少患者的药物费用。对于肺癌晚期的患者来说,医生选择药物的最基本原则是,让患者以最低的医疗花费来获得最好的治疗效果。目前,厄洛替尼在慈善赠药这一块,做的较好,如果这一药物能进入国家医保目录,将会惠及更多患者。

Q7:很多患者通过靶向药物获益,重返社会、家庭,甚至工作岗位。能否分享一个您日常工作中这样的小故事?

张艰教授:临床中,有很多这样的患者,虽被诊断为晚期肺癌,但具有EGFR基因突变,遂服用EGFR-TKI分子靶向药物,如厄洛替尼。这一类药物常见的不良反应多为皮疹和腹泻,相当一部分患者仅有轻度皮疹,不影响工作。印象中,有位患者服用厄洛替尼近4年,疾病无进展,并且能耐受皮疹等不良反应,也因此工作了近4年,目前还在领取赠药。分子靶向药物,因其疗效好,毒副反应低的优点而使那些发病时仍有工作能力的晚期肺癌患者在服药期间,依然工作和保持一个较好的生活质量,使他们没有因为疾病而脱离社会。

张艰教授




第四军医大学西京医院呼吸内科主任,教授、主任医师、博导;美国哈佛医学院麻省总院胸部肿瘤中心访问学者;主攻肺癌的早期筛查及个体化治疗;中华医学会呼吸分会青委会副主委;中华医学会呼吸分会肺癌学组专家;中国肺癌联盟肺癌全程管理委员会副主委。

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    2017-03-25 lsj628
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    2017-03-25 liuyiping
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