Clin neurophysiol:新生儿打嗝,可能是大脑在发育

2019-11-14 佚名 生物探索

一项最新的研究表明,打嗝可能是一个从婴儿期遗留下来的重要反射,是大脑发育的关键

你有没有过这种经历:在安静的环境或重要的场合里突然打嗝,又尴尬又无奈。打嗝是一个常见的生理现象,是由于膈肌不由自主地收缩,空气被迅速吸进肺内,两条声带之中的裂隙骤然收窄而引起的奇怪声响。

一项最新的研究表明,打嗝可能是一个从婴儿期遗留下来的重要反射,是大脑发育的关键。

研究者对217个早产和足月的新生儿进行脑电图(electroencephalography,EEG)记录,其中,有13个婴儿在EEG记录时打嗝,平均持续7分钟(范围1-16分钟)。由于他们均是胎龄30到42周不等的新生儿,所以结果也可以反映妊娠最后三个月的典型情况。

通过放置在头皮上的EEG电极来记录婴儿打嗝时的脑电波,并在婴儿的四肢安装运动传感器以同步记录数据。



典型的10秒长嗝的记录(从下躯干开始的运动记录)

结果表明,打嗝与呼吸频率、氧饱和度的变化无关;也不会影响婴儿的心率(平均每分钟150次)。打嗝引起的膈肌收缩在大脑皮层引起了明显的反应——三个脑电波。其中前两个电位与新生儿在双侧肌阵挛和肢体及面部的机械体感刺激后的电位相似;而第三个脑电波与噪音引起的脑电波相似,持续时间长,新生儿的大脑可能会将打嗝的“呃”声音和膈肌收缩的感觉联系起来,也就是说,打嗝有时与声门突然关闭所产生的听觉输入有关。因此,产后进行多感官输入对大脑发育很重要。



打嗝后EEG反应的平均水平

本研究的资深作者,英国伦敦大学学院神经科学、生理学和药理学教授Lorenzo Fabrizi指出,打嗝引起的活动,可能有助于婴儿的大脑学习如何监测呼吸的肌肉,以使婴儿最终学会通过无意识地控制横膈膜的上下移动来呼吸。

他还补充道,当我们出生时,处理身体感觉的通路还没有完全发展,因此这种大脑网络的建立对于新生儿来说是一个重要的发展里程碑。

原始出处:

Kimberley Whitehead et al. Event-related potentials following contraction of respiratory muscles in pre-term and full-term infants. Clinical Neurophysiology, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.09.008.

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    2020-05-16 hyf039
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    2019-11-16 neurowu
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    2019-11-15 14794e5bm67(暂无昵称)

    学习了,不错的话题,非常精彩,受益非浅

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