JCO:一个基于血清的生物标志物谱,有望筛查早期胰腺癌

2018-09-04 肿瘤资讯-Grace 肿瘤资讯

胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)的致死率高,近年来发病率逐步上升,预期到2030年,PDAC将会成为全球第二大癌症死因。大多数的PDAC患者诊断时已为晚期,无法手术,因此患者预后较差,若能开发一个基于外周血检测早期PDAC患者的标志物谱,有望实现PDAC的早期诊断。近期发表在JCO杂志的一项研究,开发了一个基于血清的生物标志物谱,并显示出较好的检测效能,有望实现早期胰腺癌筛查。

胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)的致死率高,近年来发病率逐步上升,预期到2030年,PDAC将会成为全球第二大癌症死因。大多数的PDAC患者诊断时已为晚期,无法手术,因此患者预后较差,若能开发一个基于外周血检测早期PDAC患者的标志物谱,有望实现PDAC的早期诊断。近期发表在JCO杂志的一项研究,开发了一个基于血清的生物标志物谱,并显示出较好的检测效能,有望实现早期胰腺筛查

背景

PDAC的发病率逐年上升,全球范围内导致330400例患者死亡。PDAC是致死率最高的肿瘤之一,5年生存率小于10%。预期到2030年,PDAC将会成为全球第二大癌症死因。导致PDAC预后较差的因素之一是患者诊断时多为晚期,仅15%的患者诊断时为可切除肿瘤。目前,外科切除是唯一治愈PDAC的方式,因此早期诊断至关重要。与此同时,如果局限期肿瘤可以进行切除,5年生存期将从43%(II期)提高至>50%(I期)。近期一项对CDKN2A突变携带者的无症状高风险患者的筛查研究,可以带来75%的切除率和24%的5年生存率,相比于散发性PDAC,显著改善预后。因此,有理由相信PDAC的早期诊断将会改善患者的预后,且无症状的高风险患者将会从有效筛查中获益。

目前对于PDAC评估的最多的标志物为CA199,然而,这一标志物特异性不高,可以见于多种疾病,同时在Lewis a-b-型人群中完全检测不到。因此,不推荐使用CA199作为筛查或复发检测手段,仅用于术后疾病检测手段。基于此,对PDAC的诊断越来越多趋向于多参数分析,事实上,研究已经发现联合免疫调节和癌症相关蛋白标志物可以区分III-IV期PDAC患者和健康人群。本研究是一项大样本量的回顾性斯堪的纳维亚人的病例对照研究,主要关注I-II期PDAC患者分析,并在一个独立的美国病例对照研究中,对建立的标志物筛查进行验证。

方法

两个回顾性研究对从丹麦和美国收集的PDAC患者学清标本进行检测,患者的血清标本为术前或化疗前采集,采用相同的方法采集健康对照人群标本。斯堪的纳维亚人队列包括443例PDAC患者和888例健康对照人群以及8例导管内乳头状粘液肿瘤(IPMN),见下表1. PDAC和IPM患者均从丹麦胰腺癌患者标志物研究中纳入,这些患者均因癌症相关症状在哥本哈根的医院就诊。I、II、III、IV期PDAC患者分别有16例、132例、65例和230例,见下表1. 总体切除率为15%。分别在I期、II期和IPMN术前1天采集血标本;III和IV期患者化疗前1天采集血标本。8例IPMN患者,5例为良性,3例为恶性。

表1. 斯堪的纳维亚人队列患者的人口学特征



美国队列由143例PDAC患者,57例慢性胰腺炎(CP)患者,20例IPMN患者和219例健康对照人群组成,见下表2. 总体的切除率为18-20%。I、II、III和IV期PDAC患者分别有15例、75例、15例和38例。20例IPMN患者,8例为良性,5例为交界性,7例为恶性。

表2. 美国队列患者的人口学特征



结果

研究纳入两个患者队列中确诊的早期PDAC患者来发现和验证一个检测I和II期癌症的一个生物标志物谱。这一生物标志物谱是基于重组抗体微阵列平台,包括349个人重组单链抗体可变区基因片段,靶向156个抗原。因为这一生物标志物谱主要关于对PDAC的系统性反应及其分泌蛋白质组,选择的抗体主要是靶向免疫调节蛋白。为整合斯堪的纳维亚人训练集数据的稳健性,研究者首先采用留一交叉验证策略对比了I-IV期PDAC患者和配对正常人群的血清标本。正常人群对比IA、IB、IIA、IIB、III和IV期PDAC患者的AUC值分别为0.91、1.0、0.99、0.98、0.99和0.98.



图1. 各期PDAC患者分类分析

采用确定的生物标志物谱区分I和II期PDAC

为了发现最小、且预测效能最佳的生物标志物谱,研究中应用了基于SVM的向后淘汰模型,将那些不会改善分类的生物标志物去除,最终仅纳入那些最高排名的标志物。在斯堪的纳维亚人训练集中,区分I和II期PDAC与正常对照人群的AUC值为0.96,见图2A,相当NC对比I和II期患者的特异性和敏感性分别为94%和96%,假阳性率为6%。为了对比,同时评估了III和IV期PDAC患者对比NC的AUC值为0.98,见图2B。



图2. 斯堪的纳维亚人训练集中,采用生物标志物谱区分各期PDAC

在一个独立患者队列中验证其检测I和II其PDAC的效能

为了在验证研究中取得最高的预测效能,将排名最高的生物标志物进行组合,得到一个包含29个标志物的标志物谱,见表3。在美国验证队列中,基于3个训练集的AUC值为0.963,相应的检测I和II期PDAC的特异性和敏感性分别为95%和93%。检测III和IV期PDAC的AUC值为0.97。区分CP和I/II期PDAC的AUC值为0.84,见下图3B。

表2.



图3. 在美国队列中验证生物标志物谱区分I和II期PDAC的效能。
A.NC vs I和II期PDAC;B. I和II期PDAC vs 慢性胰腺炎

不同分期PDAC对单个血清标志物的影响

研究者同时分析了单个血清标志物的表达水平在不同分期PDAC患者中的差异。通过整合多组方差分析的数据,发现了在早期和晚期PDAC患者中,一些标志物的表达存在显著差异,包括DLG1,PR区辛指蛋白8,膜相关鸟苷酸激酶,WW和MAGI-1,其中血清灭菌蛋白,淋巴毒素-α和IL-2在早期PDAC中高表达。



图4. 不同分期PDAC患者血清标志物的差异化表达

结论和讨论

本研究基于2个大样本量的病例对照队列,开发了一个PDAC筛查生物标志物谱,并进行验证。研究结果显示这一生物标志物谱可以准确检测I和II期PDAC患者。后续可以进行前瞻性的研究,以评估这一血清标志物谱十分能够检测早期、局限性PDAC患者。

原始出处:
Linda D. Mellby, Andreas P. Nyberg, Julia S. Johansen, et al. Serum Biomarker Signature-Based Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis of Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2018 Aug 14.

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    2018-09-05 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-09-05 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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