假出血查出真肠癌

2018-05-13 梁宝松 胃肠病

医学的魅力就是不确定性,偶然诊断出来了这个没有任何症状和体征的不算是早期的结肠癌!这对患者来说,依然是一个值得庆幸的事情。

大家都知道,火龙果是一种含花青素极高的一种水果,也是人们非常喜欢的常见水果。它一般有两种,一种是白心的,一种是红心的。



红心火龙果,相比白色果肉的多了一种名为“甜菜红素”的成分,一般呈现出漂亮的紫红色,对酸碱都不敏感。由于 “甜菜红”不能够被人体完全消化和吸收,没有被彻底分解代谢掉,因此,会有部分溶于水引起尿液变色,剩余没有溶于水的色素就会导致大便变色,这并不是血尿或便血。

但是,还是有人担心,而且,这次的担心还真不是杞人忧天。

家住郑州某县的一位老太太,今年63岁,是一个阳光、幸福、健康的退休老人,女儿也是消化科医生。

三天前,吃了大量的红心火龙果,晚上大便的时候,从肛门竟然喷出来了大量红色的“血便”!

这可把老太太吓坏了,赶紧给远在省城做医生的女儿打电话,女儿听了这话,起初也是吓了一大跳,按照消化道出血的一般诊断程序要进行如下步骤:

判断出血是真的还是假的?

根据出血的颜色大致判断出血部位,

根据出血的部位选择合适的辅助检查。

这第一步,按照消化道出血的诊断程序,需要首先排除食物和药物的因素,这红色瓤的火龙果,本身就会引起红色的大便!

可是细心的女儿还是不敢掉以轻心,赶紧把母亲接到了身边进行了一系列检查:

体格检查,老太太的眼睛结膜没有苍白,皮肤也没有贫血的表现;

腹部未见包块及压痛;

血常规,血常规血色素仍然在正常范围;

肛诊,外科医生认为手指套上有血迹;难道真的有消化道出血?这会不会是火龙果的干扰?

虽然开始检查前我和老人的女儿做了认真的讨论,我也坚信老人是假的消化道出血(由红色火龙果引起的红色大便),老人也没有任何的不舒服症状,也许老太太的检查并无病情的需要,但是,按照平时我说的,但凡是早期癌症,都是没有任何症状和体征,那是没病找病找出来的病!

鉴于两个原因:

老太太有近亲家属肿瘤家族史;

从未做过胃肠镜检查。

虽然没有任何症状和体征,初步检查基本也可以排除消化道出血可能,我觉得还是有必要“小题大做”,对其做一次胃肠镜排查是非常必要的,看看老人究竟有没有问题!

5月10日上午,一切准备停当,我先给老人首先做了胃镜检查:


△咽部无异常


△胃底


△胃窦


△球部


△降部

接着结肠镜检查,当镜子刚刚进入肛门,在直肠的部位,我就看到了一个绿豆大小的息肉


△直肠息肉


△直肠,可见残留的果肉残渣及种子看起来很像出血


△冲洗后并未见异常,可见指检的出血也是火龙果搞的鬼

然而,继续进镜,在乙状结肠距离肛门17~20cm的地方,发现了一个直径3cm的溃疡样病变,凭经验判断,应该是癌。于是这处病变取了组织,送去做病理检查确诊。

△距肛门17-20cm处φ3cm之溃疡性病变

虽然这不是我常说的能够通过镜下切除的早期结肠癌,但是也应该是个不算太晚的乙状结肠癌!通过外科手术切除,加上综合治疗,常常可以获得很好的治疗效果。

再审视这次诊断,按照消化道出血临床思维的套路,这个患者应该是火龙果引起的假出血,而且患者没有任何其他的症状和体征,血检也没有发现贫血,如果按照常规,不做胃肠镜检查,这癌症就百分之百漏诊了!

医学的魅力就是不确定性,偶然诊断出来了这个没有任何症状和体征的不算是早期的结肠癌!这对患者来说,依然是一个值得庆幸的事情。

最后,需要强调的还是老生常谈:不要做蔡桓公!

以下人群要及时做个肠镜:

1.50岁以上人群;

2.有痔疮和长期便血的人群,不能仅当痔疮治疗,直肠癌患者80%首次就诊被误诊为痔疮或漏诊;

3.直系亲属中有结直肠癌病史;

4.腹泻持续超过3个月者;

5.经常发生便秘、黑血便和黏液便者;

6.有慢性阑尾炎或已切除阑尾仍有右下腹疼痛者以及胆囊切除术后;

7.贫血、恶性贫血,近3个月体重明显下降的人。

8.发现腹部肿块者。

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    2018-05-20 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

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    2018-05-19 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2018-05-16 yfjms

    学习

    0

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    2018-05-15 易水河

    学习学习.值得学习

    0

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    2018-05-14 cscdliu

    学习了.谢谢

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=316748, encodeId=9fa3316e48e6, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun May 20 00:14:44 CST 2018, time=2018-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=316531, encodeId=42a831653145, content=学习了谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200816/e4675a86ea694f12b82202b320dc2654/12f6b900498349e994ce8f516a584d6a.jpg, createdBy=09431951290, createdName=大爰, createdTime=Sat May 19 07:21:11 CST 2018, time=2018-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315551, encodeId=25ac31555156, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Wed May 16 06:29:50 CST 2018, time=2018-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315167, encodeId=6e0931516e8e, content=学习学习.值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Tue May 15 00:56:29 CST 2018, time=2018-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=315100, encodeId=158d315100ed, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/23/557c1f19aaf5459a8405411e38903c4b.jpg, createdBy=dfc02088287, createdName=cscdliu, createdTime=Mon May 14 20:46:49 CST 2018, time=2018-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314844, encodeId=d313314844ec, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Mon May 14 00:08:28 CST 2018, time=2018-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314837, encodeId=1d2b31483edb, content=不错的文章值得推荐一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Sun May 13 23:13:56 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=314830, encodeId=2a1a3148305d, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sun May 13 23:08:55 CST 2018, time=2018-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-14 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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    2018-05-13 131****2916

    不错的文章值得推荐一下

    0

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    2018-05-13 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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