Lancet:酸中毒是否应该输注碳酸氢钠?

2018-08-11 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

急性酸中毒(acidaemia)常见于危重病患者,发生率差异较大,从14%到42%。持续酸血症与不良预后有关,党PH值低于7.2时死亡率高达57%。除了特异性治疗以外,改善组织灌注和支持治疗比如机械通气和肾脏替代治疗是危重病患者严重代谢性酸中毒治疗的基石。因为酸性细胞环境会导致细胞功能障碍,静脉输注碳酸氢钠提高PH值可能获益。北美的一项调查显示,超过2/3的肾脏或ICU医生(programme d

急性酸中毒(acidaemia)常见于危重病患者,发生率差异较大,从14%到42%。持续酸血症与不良预后有关,党PH值低于7.2时死亡率高达57%。除了特异性治疗以外,改善组织灌注和支持治疗比如机械通气和肾脏替代治疗是危重病患者严重代谢性酸中毒治疗的基石。因为酸性细胞环境会导致细胞功能障碍,静脉输注碳酸氢钠提高PH值可能获益。北美的一项调查显示,超过2/3的肾脏或ICU医生(programme directors)表示高乳酸血症(hyperlactataemia)时他们会使用碳酸氢钠。

尽管应用广泛,但是碳酸氢钠对代谢性酸中毒的价值仍然存在争议。小型生理学研究和回顾性或观察性研究并未得出清晰的结论。在两项严重代谢性酸中毒的生理学研究中发现,强行(reluctance)使用碳酸氢钠并未发现血管的获益,并且存在潜在的副作用,主要是由于二氧化碳聚集引起的细胞内酸中毒(acidification)以及低钙血症。毕竟,碳酸氢钠能够代偿细胞酸中毒对血管和氧输送的不良作用,可以推迟或避免不必要的早期肾脏替代治疗。

2016年拯救脓毒症运动国际指南中提到在较低PH值时碳酸氢钠对血流动力学的作用和减少升压药物的需求等尚不清楚,同样在任何PH值的情况下其对临床预后的作用也不清楚,尚无研究验乞碳酸氢钠对临床预后的作用。因为缺乏高水平的证据,ICU医生不能确定严重代谢性酸中毒的患者输注碳酸氢钠是否获益、无效或甚至有害。

鉴于此,2018年7月来自法国的Samir Jaber等在Lancet发表了BICAR-ICU研究结果,目的在于评价碳酸氢钠是否能够改善危重病患者的预后。

该研究为多中心,开放标签,随机对照,3期试验。患者来自于法国的26家ICU。纳入标准包括年龄>=18岁,严重酸中毒(PH<=7.2, PaCO2<=45 mmHg, 碳酸氢钠浓度<= 20 mmol/L),SOFA评分>=4,动脉乳酸浓度>=2 mmol/L。纳入的患者按照1:1的比例随机静脉给予4.2%碳酸氢钠(碳酸氢钠组)或不给予碳酸氢钠(对照组),维持动脉血PH>7.3。方案中要求每次输注容积为125-250ml(半小时内),24h最大量1000ml。主要复合终点为28天内全因死亡以及7天时存在至少一个器官衰竭。

该研究共纳入了389例患者进行ITT分析。对照组和碳酸氢钠组主要终点发生率分别为71%和66%(absolute difference estimate –5.5%, 95% CI –15.2 to 4.2; p=0.24)。对照组和碳酸氢钠组Kaplan-Meier方法估计28天时生存概率没有显著性差异(46% [95% CI 40–54] vs 55% [49–63]; p=0?09)。



在预先设定的AKIN(急性肾损伤网络评分,Acute Kidney Injury Network score)2或3分者,对照组和碳酸氢钠组Kaplan-Meier方法估计28天时生存概率具有显著性差异(63% [95% CI 52–72] vs 46% [35–55]; p=0?0283)。在碳酸氢钠组更多的患者发现存在代谢性碱中毒、高钠血症和低钙血症,未有威胁生命的并发症。

最终作者认为在严重代谢性酸中毒的患者中,碳酸氢钠对主要复合终点无效。然而,对于事先设定的急性肾损伤患者,碳酸氢钠能够降低显著降低主要复合终点和28天死亡率。

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    2018-11-29 howi
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    2018-08-13 mashirong

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