Spine:彩色多普勒超声在腰痛患者腰椎动脉血流探测中的应用

2013-05-10 Spine dxy

充足的血流供因对腰椎正常功能的维持非常重要:骨间的毛细血管血供来源于腰动脉;椎间盘的学运来源于骨间的毛细血管网;上述血管血运的破坏可以导致椎间盘及其它重要结构的血供障碍,从而产生相应疾病状态。有学者认为,腹部大动脉的粥样斑块等病变可以导致腰动脉血运减少,从而诱发椎间盘退变及腰痛,因此对腰部血管血流动力学的研究有助于临床医生更好的理解它们和椎间盘退变,腰痛等相关性。 目前关于正常人群和腰痛人群的腰

充足的血流供因对腰椎正常功能的维持非常重要:骨间的毛细血管血供来源于腰动脉;椎间盘的学运来源于骨间的毛细血管网;上述血管血运的破坏可以导致椎间盘及其它重要结构的血供障碍,从而产生相应疾病状态。有学者认为,腹部大动脉的粥样斑块等病变可以导致腰动脉血运减少,从而诱发椎间盘退变及腰痛,因此对腰部血管血流动力学的研究有助于临床医生更好的理解它们和椎间盘退变,腰痛等相关性。

目前关于正常人群和腰痛人群的腰部血管血流动力学数据仍没有报道,而彩色多普勒超声作为一种无创性的监测血流动力学的辅助检查方法,目前其在临床应用中已越来越广泛,并且其测量血流动力学数据的可靠性已经为临床研究所证实。近日来自英国牛津大学骨科的学者们就彩色多普勒超声在腰痛患者检测血流动力学方面的应用进行了技术报道,并对比正常人群和腰痛患者相关血流动力学数据,相关结论发表在Spine杂志上。

研究共分为两个组别,腰痛人群组,持续3个月的腰痛,以往通过MRI检查,确诊存在腰椎间盘退变的患者,共64例(35女性, 29例男性,年龄范围 21–82 岁;平均年龄 50 ± 16.5 岁);正常人群组,既往6月内未发生过腰部疼痛,未因腰痛接受过药物治疗,共30例(13例女性,17 例男性,年龄范围19–82岁,平均年龄41 ± 18.5岁)。

影像学评估方法:从腰椎后方进行血流探测。先从L5-S1 开始,确定第五腰动脉和骶动脉,而后向上探测确定第4-第1腰动脉(图1)。

 
图1:彩色多普勒超声探测,可见从关节突关节内发出的较多血管分支延伸向腰椎棘突

获取双侧腰动脉分支的血流动力学数据,使用多普勒超声辅助软件记录峰值收缩速度(peak systolic velocity,PSV,图2)。共12个数据,每侧6个。为避免了人生理状况变化对统计数据产生影响,将PSV值进行标准化,计算PSVR值(PSV ratio)=腰动脉PSV值/主动脉PSV值。

 
图2:彩色多普勒超声显示交通支。

研究结果发现:

正常人群中,腰动脉PSV值,从第一腰动脉至第四腰动脉呈现逐渐递增趋势,而在第五腰动脉PSV值最小;骶动脉的PSV值较第五腰动脉有所增大,但小于第四腰动脉;节段动脉间比较PSV有显著差异(p<0.001),但左右双侧对比无显著差异(p=0.09),如表1所示。

表1:腰动脉的PSV

主动脉PSV如表2所示,探测中未发现有主动脉动脉粥样硬化证据;尽管在腰痛组和正常组之间存在PSV的统计学差异(p<0.01),但上述差异并没有临床意义,因两组患者的主动脉PSV均在正常范围内。

表2:主动脉PSV值

腰痛组和正常人群组PSVR比较:表3数据显示腰痛组和正常组在PSVR数据方面的比较。两组在PSVR方面增加趋势相同:L1-L4增加,L5 降低至最低值,S1 再次升高,节段间比较有显著差异(p<0.001);腰痛组节段间PSVR值均较正常人群组高(p<0.001),组别和节段间数值无显著关联性(p=0.9)。表4示PSV上95%的可信区间,图3显示各个组别在不同节段上的PSVR值。

表3:PSVR值分布

表4:PSV上95%的可信区间

 
图3:各个组别在不同节段上的PSVR值

研究结论:腰痛患者的PSVR值要显著高于正常人群,该特征和血管充血时的多普勒超声改变类似,腰痛患者血流动力学改变情况和腰痛的发病机制的关系仍需要进一步明确。

【编者按】

 
图4:本文截图

文章中提到(图4),既往关于腰部疾病如DDD,腰痛等和腰部血流关系的文献报道均认为,腰动脉血流的减少和腰部疾病相关,本文研究报道却发现腰痛患者腰动脉PSVR较正常人群有所增加,这两个结论在研究者看来是相反的观点。但编者认为这两个结论本身并不存在冲突。PSVR(峰值收缩血流速度比率)代表的指示一个相对值,PSV(收缩血流速度)代表的是一个绝对值,我们在表2的数据中看到,腰痛组的PSV值总体是呈现下降趋势的,尽管PSVR值在上升,但并不代表PSV在上升。

腰椎相关的拓展阅读:


Color Doppler ultrasonography of lumbar artery blood flow in patients with low back pain.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective, clinical, noninvasive imaging study.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify normal lumbar artery hemodynamics and develop a reference range and lumbar artery hemodynamics in patients with low back pain.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Blood supply to the lumbar spinal tissues, intraosseous capillary circulation, and avascular intervertebral discs derives directly from the lumbar arteries. Pathology may affect this blood supply, impact nutrient delivery and contribute to low back pain and disc degeneration. However knowledge of hemodynamic characteristics of lumbar arteries is lacking. This could improve understanding into pathological tissue function and its relation to lumbar spine circulation in back disorders.
METHODS
Sixty-four patients with low back pain and 30 normal controls underwent lumbar spine imaging investigations with color Doppler ultrasonography. Doppler data on blood flow was obtained from arteries at S1 through to L1 bilaterally and angle-corrected peak systolic blood flow velocity (PSV) measured in all vessels. Aortic PSV was used to derive the normalized lumbar artery: Aortic PSV ratio (PSVR) for all subjects' levels L1 to S1 bilaterally.
RESULTS
In both the control and low back pain (LBP) groups blood flow PSV in the lumbar arteries increased incrementally from levels L1 to L4, declined to its lowest values at L5 and rose again at S1. Normalized lumbar artery blood flow PSVR in the LBP group is consistently higher at all levels (L1-S1) than in controls (P < 0.001). At level L5, lumbar artery blood flow PSVR was 46% higher in the LBP group than in controls.
CONCLUSION
Color Doppler ultrasonography can reliably be used as a clinical tool to visualize and quantify blood flow in lumbar arteries of patients with low back disorders. Findings of increased blood flow PSVR in patients are consistent with the well-documented Doppler changes that occur during inflammatory hyperemia.

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    2013-05-25 mgqwxj
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