Lancet Haematol:新确诊急性髓性白血病老年患者:地西他滨5天vs 10天方案

2019-03-04 常路 环球医学

地西他滨为去甲基化药物,是新确诊急性髓性白血病老年患者的标准治疗。2019年1月,发表在《Lancet Haematol》的一项研究调查了,5天vs 10天地西他滨方案治疗新确诊急性髓性白血病老年患者的有效性和安全性。

地西他滨为去甲基化药物,是新确诊急性髓性白血病老年患者的标准治疗。2019年1月,发表在《Lancet Haematol》的一项研究调查了,5天vs 10天地西他滨方案治疗新确诊急性髓性白血病老年患者的有效性和安全性。

背景:低甲基化药物,如地西他滨,是新确诊急性髓性白血病老年患者的标准治疗。单组研究表明,10天周期的地西他滨方案比常规5天方案的结局更佳。研究人员比较了两种方案的有效性和安全性。

方法:患者入组标准为,60岁或以上,急性髓性白血病,不适合强化化疗(如果不适合蒽环类药物+阿糖胞苷的强化化疗则可以<60岁)。在使用所有既往患者治疗和应答数据进行应答-自适应随机算法,从而决定下一个患者分到哪一组才能产生优越应答后,研究人员通过计算机生成的区组随机化(区组大小40),将前40名患者等分为两组。患者分配到静脉5或10个连续天的20mg/m2地西他滨作为诱导治疗,每4~8周为1个周期,共3个周期。应答的患者接受地西他滨作为巩固治疗,5天为一周期,共24个周期。首要复合终点为任何时间实现的完全缓解、完全缓解伴不完全血小板恢复(CRp)、完全缓解伴不完全血液学恢复(CRi),该复合终点通过意愿治疗进行评估。

结果:2013年2月28日~2018年4月12日,纳入了71名患者。28人接受5天的地西他滨,43人接受10天的地西他滨,所有患者都可评估有效性和安全性。两治疗组实现首要终点的患者比例相似(5天组:12/28(43%),95% CI,26~60;10天组:17/43(40%),95% CI,26~54;P=0.78;差异,3%,-21~27)。总随访时间为38.2个月,5天组和10天组的中位总生存期分别为5.5个月(IQR,2.1~11.7)和6.0个月(1.9~11.7)。两组的1年总生存率都为25%。当根据细胞遗传学、新发vs继发或治疗相关急性髓性白血病或TP53突变状态进行分层时,两组的完全缓解、CRp、CRi和总生存期无差异。最常见的3~4级不良事件为中性粒细胞减少发热(5天组7人(25%),10天组14人(33%))和感染(5人(18%)和16人(37%))。5天组1名患者在中性粒细胞减少发热、感染和出血的背景下,因脓毒症而死亡(4%)。10天组6人(14%)因感染而死亡。两组早期死亡率相似。

结论:新确诊急性髓性白血病的老年患者中,5天或10天地西他滨方案的有效性和安全性无差异。

原始出处:

Short NJ, Kantarjian HM, Loghavi S, et al. Treatment with a 5-day versus a 10-day schedule of decitabine in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia: a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2019 Jan;6(1):e29-e37. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30182-0.

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    2019-10-31 changfy
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    2019-08-23 howi
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    2019-03-06 fengyi812
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