低剂量阿司匹林可缓解AIDS患者接受ART治疗的血小板高敏性

2012-09-11 猎人vs狼 丁香园

低剂量阿司匹林可缓解艾滋病患者接受抑制性抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)时血小板高敏性和免疫激活。纽约大学医学院感染与免疫性疾病科医学助理教授Meagan O'Brien,,MD,在AIDS2012(第19届国家艾滋病大会)上做了报道,她指出接受ART治疗的AIDS患者发生心血管事件的风险增加,这可能与活化血小板的促炎和促血栓形成作用与这些事件的发生有关。她指出,阿司匹林是一种廉价的,低风险的具有免疫调

低剂量阿司匹林可缓解艾滋病患者接受抑制性抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)时血小板高敏性和免疫激活。

纽约大学医学院感染与免疫性疾病科医学助理教授Meagan O'Brien,,MD,在AIDS2012(第19届国家艾滋病大会)上做了报道,她指出接受ART治疗的AIDS患者发生心血管事件的风险增加,这可能与活化血小板的促炎和促血栓形成作用与这些事件的发生有关。

她指出,阿司匹林是一种廉价的,低风险的具有免疫调节功能的血小板抑制剂。阿司匹林在预防心血管疾病发病和死亡方面的作用已经在未合并艾滋病的心血管疾病患者中得到体现。

在一项纳入了25位接受ART的稳定期艾滋病患者和44位健康的对照组人员的研究中,所有参与者都服用阿司匹林81㎎每天,连续一个星期之后,研究人员分析参与者的血小板功能、T细胞免疫激活程度和相关炎性标志物。

Dr. O'Brien告知,艾滋病感染组与对照组不是特别的匹配。艾滋病组的年龄中位数比对照组大(57岁对27岁),在艾滋病组有更多的男性(76.0%对48.0%),更多的黑人(52.0%对2.0%)和较少的亚裔(0.0%对34.0%),更多正在吸烟者(56.0%对5.7%)。两个组中均有大约15%的人员有心肌梗死家族史。艾滋病组CD4阳性T细胞计数是630个/微升。

研究人员测量了在服用阿司匹林前后多种血小板激动剂存在与不存在条件下血小板的聚集情况。根据文献摘要,在没有血小板激动剂情况下,血小板聚集率在艾滋病感染组(7.5%;95%置信区间[CI],4.7%~11.4%)比对照组(5.0%;95%CI,2.9%~9.1%,P<.05)高。

阿司匹林可降低激动剂的血小板聚集性。例如,艾滋病感染组病人在基线时,加入1μmol/L的二磷酸腺苷十分钟后,血小板聚集率为59.3%(95%CI,25.8%~88.3%)。服用阿司匹林一天后,血小板聚集率为32.2%(95%CI,19.2%~43.1%;P<.001相对基线);服用阿司匹林一个星期后,降低到28.4%(95%CI,17.8%~41.1%;P<.001相对基线)。

对150μmol/L的花生四烯酸来说,10分钟聚集率为54.9%(95%CI,8.2%~89.9%)。服用阿司匹林一天后,血小板聚集率为9.1%(95%CI,5.4%~14.1%;P<.001相对基线);服用阿司匹林一个星期后为9.8%(95%CI,5.8%~16.6%;P<.001相对基线)。

作者在摘要中指出,对照组加入花生四烯酸的血小板基线聚集率为11%(95%CI,2.5%~77.6%;P<.05)。

接受ART治疗的艾滋病感染者的其他血小板激活标志物遵循相同模式。一种血小板表面表达的细胞粘附分子--可溶性p选择素,表达提升;但经过一星期的阿司匹林治疗后则表达降低。

类似的,艾滋病感染者由于HLA-DR和CD38(免疫活性标志物)的作用,活化CD4阳性和CD8阳性T细胞计数提升。在基线时,14.49%CD4阳性细胞被激活;服用阿司匹林一个星期后,激活率已经降低到10.58%。对于CD8阳性细胞,14.06%在基线时被激活,服用阿司匹林一个星期后,激活程度降低到7.58%。经过阿司匹林治疗,C反应蛋白、白介素6和D二聚体均有下降趋势,但相对于基线的区别没有统计学意义。

与基线相比,一个礼拜的阿司匹林服用对对照组的活化阳性CD4或阳性CD8淋巴细胞的比例没有影响。

总之,“HIV感染并接受ART治疗的个体有血小板高反应性。阿司匹林不论是服用一天还是一周均可抑制血小板聚集。但对加入花生四烯酸而言,相较未感染HIV的对照组,血小板聚集率在HIV感染组一周内保持上升趋势。”Dr. O'Brien说:“T细胞激活率在HIV感染个体有升高,但在服用阿司匹林一周后降低。”

会议主持人Grace McComsey, MD---凯斯西储大学内科学与儿科学教授、俄亥俄州克里夫兰大学医院小儿感染性疾病与风湿病学组长告诉Medscape Medical News,这项研究是“非常重要和令人印象深刻的“。

“非常高兴可以看见一些像阿司匹林这样的药物可以在HIV感染者的应用的数据,并且这些数据是在完全没有其他相关数据存在的情况下得到的。所以如果每个人在免疫激活领域做出一些改变,即使只是病人相对很少的初步研究,作用也是巨大的。”她说。

Dr. McComsey指出截止到目前,几种不同药物在关于HIV感染者免疫活性影响方面的研究均已失败告终。我们的确需要以随机对照方式进行研究——她解释到。

研究中所有的终结点均是标志物,Dr. McComsey建议在未来的研究中,研究人员需要关注更多的临床终结点和伴随疾病。

McComsey说:“在我看来,仅仅关注一个伴随疾病是在浪费金钱……它们的一切均与炎症和免疫激活有关系……我们需要关注肾相关终结点、骨相关终结点、心血管相关终结点。任何与免疫激活相关的事件均应该被关注,从而评估它们的临床价值。“

同样,研究人员需要致力于分辨HIV感染的影响和药物处理的影响。Dr. McComsey说:“在这些初步研究中,没有关于药物处理对结果影响大小的说明。在一项稍大的研究中,她指出,你虽不能看到每一个具体药物的影响,但至少可以看到药物处理影响的级别。”

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    2013-08-14 wjywjy
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    2012-09-13 zhaojie88
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    2012-09-13 cooco
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一项新的研究着重阐述了阿司匹林与癌症风险和死亡率之间的关系,提示该药可能会降低死于前列腺癌的风险,但研究并没有证实阿司匹林能显著下降罹患乳腺癌的风险。 芝加哥医学中心大学辐射和细胞肿瘤学系副教授Stanley Liauw博士解释说:这一项研究是一种不同类型的研究。乳腺癌研究小组一直在寻找阿司匹林是如何能影响癌症的形成的,而我们看到的是它是如何能抑制癌症发展的。根据以往的研究,我们可能得知阿司匹林

阿司匹林可否用于房颤患者卒中预防?

       最新丹麦注册研究表明,阿司匹林预防心房颤动(AF)后卒中无效且不安全。这是迄今为止国际上规模最大的一项观察阿司匹林和口服抗凝药在AF患者人群中使用情况的注册研究,其结果明确表明,对于任何卒中风险水平,阿司匹林均不显示临床净获益,这与最新欧洲心脏病学学会(ESC)指南是一致的。那么到底阿司匹林可否用于房颤患者卒中的预防,让我们听听专家的意见吧。

Circulation:阿司匹林仍是治疗不稳定型心绞痛的**药物

根据2012年7月16日发表在Circulation期刊上的一项研究,对患有不稳定型心绞痛(unstable angina)或非ST段抬高心肌梗死(non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI)的病人而言,阿司匹林仍然是一线治疗药物(first-line therapy),而且替卡格雷(ticagrelor)能够作为另一种抗血小板药物,或者被用来替换

JNCI:每日服用阿司匹林和低癌症死亡率直接相关

一项大型的观察性研究发现了日常阿司匹林摄入和低癌症死亡率相关的大量证据,相关研究报告刊登在了近日的国际杂志the Journal of the National Cancer Institute(JNCI)上,为日常阿司匹林使用于低癌症死亡率提供了支持。 文章中,研究者表示,使用阿司匹林5年及以上的人群,其癌症死亡率的风险可降低37%。但是又有很多问题存在,比如说,每天服用多少阿司匹林才能降低癌

AIM:女性应如何使用阿司匹林来预防心血管疾病

       针对于女性如何使用阿司匹林,人们还存在很多的困惑。最近,一项关于临床随机对照试验与临床指南的荟萃分析,帮助阐明了哪些女性是使用阿司匹林的最佳候选人。     总体来看,有三类女性群体是定期使用阿司匹林的最合适的候选人:(1)确诊为已患心血管疾病的处于任何年龄的女性;(2)年龄在65岁及以上,具有或不具