JAMA:成人急性咽喉痛:口服地塞米松vs安慰剂

2017-05-27 吴星 环球医学

2017年4月,发表在《JAMA》的一项由英国和美国科学家进行的随机临床试验,比较了口服地塞米松且不立即使用抗菌药物和安慰剂治疗成人急性咽喉痛的效果。



2017年4月,发表在《JAMA》的一项由英国和美国科学家进行的随机临床试验,比较了口服地塞米松且不立即使用抗菌药物和安慰剂治疗成人急性咽喉痛的效果

重要性:急性咽喉痛给初级治疗带来显着的负担,也是导致不合理抗菌药物使用的一个原因。糖皮质激素是一种可替代的对症治疗方法。

目的:评估在无抗菌药物的情况下,口服糖皮质激素治疗急性咽喉痛的临床有效性。

设计、地点和受试者:在英格兰南部和西部42个全科诊所开展的一项双盲、安慰剂对照随机试验(2013年4月至2015年2月;2015年4月完成28天随访),纳入576例因咽喉痛就诊于初级医疗机构且不需要立即使用抗菌药物治疗的成人。

干预:地塞米松10 mg单一口服剂量(n=293)或同等剂量安慰剂(n=283)。

主要结局和测量指标:主要指标:24小时症状完全缓解的受试者比例。次要指标:48小时完全缓解、中度不良症状的持续时间(基于Likert评分:0,正常;6,最坏情况)、视觉模拟症状量表(0~100 mm;0,无症状~100,最差)、进行治疗、未工作或上学的天数、抗菌药物或其他药物延迟使用、不良事件。

结果:在565例符合纳入标准并接受随机化的受试者中(中位年龄,34岁[四分位间距,26.0~45.5岁];75.2%为女性;100%完成干预),288例使用地塞米松;277例使用安慰剂。在24小时的时候,地塞米松组65例受试者(22.6%)和安慰剂组49例受试者(17.7%)实现了症状的安全缓解,风险差异为4.7%(95% CI,-1.8%~11.2%),相对风险为1.28(95% CI,0.92~1.78;P=0.14)。在24小时的时候,与安慰剂组相比,地塞米松组受试者实现症状完全缓解的可能性更小。在48小时的时候,地塞米松组102例受试者(35.4%)vs安慰剂组75例受试者(27.1%)实现症状完全缓解,风险差异为8.7%(95% CI,1.2%~16.2%),相对风险为1.31(95% CI,1.02~1.68;P=0.03)。在没有延迟抗菌药物处方的受试者中也观察到了这一差异,风险差为10.3%(95% CI,0.6%~20.1%),相对风险为1.37(95% CI,1.01~1.87;P=0.046)。任何其他次要结局没有显着差异。

结论和相关性与安慰剂相比,因急性咽喉痛就诊初级医疗机构的成人口服单一剂量地塞米松,不增加24小时的症状缓解比例。然而,48小时时有显着差异。

原始出处:

Hayward GN, Hay AD, Moore MV, et al. Effect of Oral Dexamethasone Without Immediate Antibiotics vs Placebo on Acute Sore Throat in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Apr 18;317(15):1535-1543. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.3417

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    2017-06-01 戒馋,懒,贪

    不论什么原因的咽喉痛都有效么?单次给药?

    0

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    2017-05-28 baihao215

    急性咽喉痛?症状吗?还是

    0

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    2017-05-28 meiliwuxian

    咽喉痛老外尽然用激素?

    0

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