J Thorac Oncol:案例—— 化疗和PD-1药物联合治疗导致的肺癌分型转化

2017-10-18 翱宇 癌度

癌症之所以难以治疗根本原因在于它一直在“动”,癌症总是随机地再产生基因突变,以更好地适应药物和免疫系统的选择压。癌症的“动”不只是体现在癌症细胞基因突变的变化上。还体现在病理分型上,也许原来是肺腺癌,在治疗的过程中逐渐地变为了肺鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌等,这些都增加了癌症这一疾病的治疗难度。今天给大家分析一篇文献报道的案例,一个非小细胞肺癌患者如何在化疗和PD-1药物联合治疗的过程中,从肺腺癌转移成

癌症之所以难以治疗根本原因在于它一直在“动”,癌症总是随机地再产生基因突变,以更好地适应药物和免疫系统的选择压。

癌症的“动”不只是体现在癌症细胞基因突变的变化上。还体现在病理分型上,也许原来是肺腺癌,在治疗的过程中逐渐地变为了肺鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌等,这些都增加了癌症这一疾病的治疗难度。

今天给大家分析一篇文献报道的案例,一个非小细胞肺癌患者如何在化疗和PD-1药物联合治疗的过程中,从肺腺癌转移成为了肺鳞癌。这里究竟发生了什么?以及如何确定这一转化过程的。

2012年4月,一名69岁从未吸烟的男性出现干咳的症状。胸部CT扫描发现右肺上叶有一个7.2厘米大小的占位病灶,双侧纵膈和锁骨淋巴结肿大。病理活检发现是肺腺癌,但是没有EGFR和ALK基因突变,患者经过了姑息性放射治疗,6个周期的培美曲塞联合铂类的化疗,治疗后发现患者的肺部肿瘤病灶缩小。自此以后患者失去了随访。

2015年6月,这名患者突然又出现了,主诉左肩膀和手臂肿胀,胸部CT检查结果显示右肺上叶肿瘤有2.5厘米大小的病灶,左侧胸壁和腋窝淋巴结有新的转移性病灶,左侧胸腔积液。左侧胸壁肿瘤的活检显示腺癌但是伴有肉瘤样改变(甲状腺转录因子、细胞角蛋白和波形蛋白都是染色阳性)。患者接受了单一的化疗,使用的药物是多西紫杉醇和口服的长春瑞滨,对于胸壁的肿瘤则使用的是放射治疗,计量为3000cGy。

2015年10月起,患者每隔3周接受一次派姆单抗的治疗,计量为2mg/kg,胸壁肿瘤和左侧腋窝淋巴结变小。随后出现的大量的胸腔积液在口服类固醇治疗后也逐渐减少。患者在四个疗程后,要求停掉了PD-1药物派姆单抗。患者对派姆单抗治疗应答表现为局部应答,持续时间达6个月。

派姆单抗和化疗治疗6个月之后,患者左胸壁发现一个皮下结节,切除活检发现为鳞状细胞癌伴有肉瘤样改变(免疫组化显示CK7、P40和Vimentin阳性)。其中PD-L1在三个不同时期的样本中,都是PD-L1阳性。到2016年1月,患者一直处于观察阶段,没有经过任何的治疗。

2016年10月,患者注意到左侧腋窝区域存在新的淋巴结,进行穿刺病理诊断发现,CK7和P40为阳性,不过这一次PD-L1是阴性。手术之后的2个月,患者再次观察到左侧腋窝区域有复发的小结节。

2016年12月,患者拒绝进行组织活检,重新开始使用PD-1派姆单抗治疗。

我们知道即便是EGFR阳性的肺腺癌患者,绝大多数都不可避免地面对耐药的问题。

组织表型转化是其中一个机制。肺腺癌转化为小细胞肺癌是其中一种耐药的机制,已有的报道中非小细胞肺腺癌向小细胞肺癌的组织表型转化导致的耐药概率占到14%。

肺腺癌向肺鳞癌的组织表型转化也是耐药机制的一种,但是多数组织表型转化的报道是在靶向药物治疗的过程中发生的。是否在化疗或免疫治疗的过程中,这种组织表型转化也会发生?

今天给大家的案例就描述了这种情况,化疗和PD-1治疗也会导致非小细胞肺腺癌的组织表型转化。

不过这个案例有个特点,带大家一起结合EGFR靶点药物治疗下的组织表型转化来分析一下。

在EGFR靶点药物的治疗下发生的组织表型转化,肺腺癌转化为了肺鳞癌,但是最开始的驱动性基因突变如EGFR还是存在的。部分时候使用靶向药物还管用。

对于化疗和免疫治疗下发生的组织表型转化,在本案例中,化疗和免疫治疗下最开始发生组织表型转化时PD-L1表达,但是随着后面免疫治疗中断,PD-L1逐渐地检测不到了。

我们从这个文献的最后知道患者在2016年12月重新使用了PD-1派姆单抗治疗,但是PD-L1表达下降究竟是否会影响其疗效并没有报道。不过我们从中可以看出在靶向药物治疗下的组织表型转化,与化疗和PD-1治疗下的组织表型转化,二者的机制可能对后续的治疗是有区别的,这更需要临床专家做全面汇总和分析,综合评估潜在收益、风险、经济花费等多种因素。

组织表型转化里面的机制很复杂,尽管患者第一次活检是纯的肺腺癌,但是不排除最开始就是腺癌鳞癌混合型,另外的可能性是癌症干细胞在治疗措施的选择压下的分化。

但总之我们通过这个案例可以看出。不管是靶向治疗、化疗、PD-1等免疫药物治疗,必要时对新发的耐药病灶进行再次活检,检测新的基因突变,是否有组织表型转化,这样对于后续的精准用药都是非常重要的。

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    2018-03-28 yyj062
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    2018-08-25 minlingfeng
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    2017-10-20 虈亣靌

    不错的.学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-10-19 hanmeijinxiu

    很好的病例分享.

    0

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    2017-10-19 周周人

    学习.

    0

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10月15日~18日,国际肺癌研究协会(IASLC)第18届世界肺癌大会 (WCLC 2017)在日本横滨召开,会议吸引了来自100多个国家的7000多名业界领袖、专业人士和研究人员。祈福医院区俊文主任受邀出席了本次大会,其研究论文《大剂量维生素C联合射频深部热疗在非小细胞肺癌III-IV期患者的I-II期临床试验》获选在会场进行壁报交流,受到了参会人士的广泛关注。

WCLC 2017:肺癌靶向辅助捷报频传!王长利教授牵头EVAN研究数据喜人!

2017年10月15日至18日在日本第二大城市横滨,第18届世界肺癌大会正如火如荼地举行中。在会议期间,又公布了一项由我国天津市肿瘤医院王长利教授牵头的EVAN研究结果,数据鼓舞人心!这一研究是否能引导肺癌术后辅助治疗临床实践的变化呢?【肿瘤资讯】有幸邀请到主要研究者王长利教授为大家介绍一下相关情况:

[WCLC2017]肺癌外科治疗领域亮点璀璨,北京大学肿瘤医院康晓征研究报告闪耀其中

在第18届世界肺癌大会(WCLC)的“Surgery from Minimal to Radical”口头报告专场,众多研究亮相。10月17日早上,日本帝京大学医学院的Masafumi Kawamura对这一专场进行了总结,概览了值得参会者关注的肺癌外科治疗领域的关键信息,由北京大学肿瘤医院康晓征医生报告的“转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者原发性肿瘤切除术与维持治疗的比较”研究名列其中。

WCLC 2017:黄建安教授:重复活检,动态监测:肿瘤是否无所遁形?

虽然已经进入大数据和精准医学的时代,但我们仍然面临着诸多挑战,尤其是靶向药物的继发性耐药问题。临床医生应该如何合理运用大数据、深入研究和追踪肿瘤的动态变化呢?苏州大学附属第一医院的黄建安教授从临床研究的角度切入,深度

WCLC 2017:完美落幕,诸多惊喜:吴一龙点评本届WCLC五大亮点

2017WCLC上最亮眼的人群是谁?毫无疑问,是让世界各地医生排起长队的中国的专家学者。本届WCLC最热门的话题是什么?WCLC和中国的会议有什么异同?有哪些让人感动的小细节呢?且听吴一龙教授来点评本届WCLC的五大亮点。

WCLC 2017:肺癌大咖铿锵三人行,共话安罗替尼

2017年第18届世界肺癌大会(WCLC)正在日本横滨举行。在会议期间,肿瘤资讯有幸邀请到程颖教授、韩宝惠教授和李凯教授参加WCLC2107圆桌会,一起分享安罗替尼的4篇poster,主要探讨安罗替尼的疗效预测标志物、获益人群,作用机制和未来研究方向。