《经导管主动脉瓣置换团队建设及运行规范中国专家建议》(2018)要点

2018-02-14 朱明恕 朱明恕

经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcathetera orticvalve replacement, TAVR)是指将组装好的人工主动脉瓣经导管植入到病变的主动脉瓣处, 在功能上完成主动脉瓣的置换。 TAVR是治疗主动脉瓣狭窄的革命性新技术, 目前欧美指南已推荐将外科手术禁忌、 高危和中危主动脉瓣狭窄患者作为TAVR的适应证。 TAVR同时也是一种复杂、 高风险的技术,

经导管主动脉瓣置换术transcathetera orticvalve replacement, TAVR)是指将组装好的人工主动脉瓣经导管植入到病变的主动脉瓣处, 在功能上完成主动脉瓣的置换。 TAVR是治疗主动脉瓣狭窄的革命性新技术, 目前欧美指南已推荐将外科手术禁忌、 高危和中危主动脉瓣狭窄患者作为TAVR的适应证。 TAVR同时也是一种复杂、 高风险的技术, 其开展需心内科、心外科、 影像科、麻醉科等多学科的协同配合, 因此很有必要建立一支多学科心脏团队(MDHT)。 国产TAVR瓣膜近期已于我国获批上市,TAVR将在我国大范围地推广。本建议主要针对经外周血管途径的 TAVR而编写。

1  背景

目前, TAVR正变得越来越安全, 国际上TAVR有向“极简式”发展的趋势,TAVR团队的意识和作用在逐渐减弱。 然而,在我国目前形势下,强调TAVR团队的建设仍然十分必要。 首先,虽然TAVR越来越安全, 但是相对于传统介入手术, TAVR仍是一项高风险和复杂的手术。 即使在最新的临床试验中, TAVR的围术期死亡率仍为2%4%,永久起搏器植入、瓣周漏、血管并发症发生率仍不低。 其次, 国内目前上市的瓣膜为第一代瓣膜, 不具备可回收、重新定位及防瓣周漏功能, 我国TAVR候选人群存在二叶瓣比例高、钙化严重等特点,使现阶段在我国开展TAVR存在更高的风险。 再次,TAVR是一项复杂的技术, 其经典的开展方式需要心内科、 心外科、影像科、 麻醉科等多学科人员协同配合。 最后,TAVR存在明显的学习曲线,系统的培训和团队规范化的运行可使 TAVR 更安全地开展。 为了促进 TAVR在我国规范、安全、顺利地推广,仍然建议现阶段在我国开展 TAVR 时需要建立TAVRMDHT, 对团队人员进行系统化培训, 遵循相应技术规范。

2  团队构成和人员要求

参照国际指南, 建议TAVRMDHT由心内科医师、 心外科医师、 超声心动图医师、 放射科医师、麻醉医师、护士及相关专业技术人员构成,团队人员必须经过相关系统化培训。 TAVR团队成员构成要求包括:

1)介入医师:

2)心脏外科医师:

3)放射科医师:

4)麻醉医师:

5)超声心动图医师:

6)护理人员:

7)其他:

3  团队运行机制

3.1  术前筛选及评估   由 MDHT完成, 具体包括下列内容: 介入医师从整体上对患者进行术前评估, 评估是否需要行TAVR, 是否能从手术中获益,解剖方面是否适合TAVR。 心外科医师评估患者心外科手术风险, 以及若需要外科协助入路, 入路是否合适, 做好补救性外科手术预案。超声心动图医师评估患者心功能、 各瓣膜情况以及主动脉根部解剖。 放射科医师: 评估患者解剖方面是否适合行TAVR, 以及冠状动脉病变情况。 麻醉医师:评估手术的麻醉风险。 建议在术前, TAVR 团队成员开会进行讨论, 评估患者是否适合行TAVR, 做好术前预案。

3.2 术中协作   各团队人员必须在现场各司其职,密切配合。

3.3 围术期管理   鉴于患者术后仍可能出现各种并发症及血流动力学异常, 建议术后由接受过专门培训的人员进行患者管理

3.4  术后随访

3.5  总结及改进

4  团队运行规范

4.1 介入医师

1)术前评估和筛选:

2)术中操作:

3)围术期管理:

4)术后随访:

4.2  心外科医师

1)术前评估和筛选:

2)术中协作和术后处理:

4.3  放射人员

1MSCT 扫描技术要求:

2MSCT 分析内容:

4.4  麻醉医师

1)术前评估:

2)术中协作:

3)术后监护:

4.5  超声心动图医师

1)术前评估:

2)术中评估:

3)术后随访:

4.6  护理人员

1)术前评估护理:

2)术中协作:

3)术后护理:

4.7  其他人员

〔本资料由朱明恕主任医师根据《经导管主动脉瓣置换团队建设及运行规范中国专家建议》(2018)编写〕

(本建议刊登于《中国医学前沿杂志(电子版)》2018年第1期。)

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    2018-06-30 yxch48
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    2018-02-16 lsj631
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    2018-02-14 wzb521zf

    一起学习学习

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