Nat Genet:发现16个新的糖尿病基因,它们还与心脏病有关

2017-09-10 佚名 环球医学

2型糖尿病(T2D)不仅发病率高,还是冠心病(CHD)的重要风险因素,但是关于这两种疾病之间的生物学途径仍然不明确。近日,一项GWAS分析研究了2型糖尿病的起因,又阐述了2型糖尿病和冠心病是如何产生关联的。



2型糖尿病(T2D)原名叫“成人发病型糖尿病”,多在35~40岁之后发病,占糖尿病患者90%以上,影响全球3.8亿多人的健康。与1型糖尿病一样,2型糖尿病有较为明显的家族史(与基因相关),然而人们对II型糖尿病的病因仍然存在知识缺口。

冠心病(CHD)是冠状动脉性心脏病的简称,是一种最常见的心脏病,是指因冠状动脉狭窄、供血不足而引起的心肌机能障碍和(或)器质性病变,故又称缺血性心肌病。2型糖尿病也是冠心病的重要风险因素,但是关于这两种疾病之间的生物学途径仍然不明确。

GWAS发现16个关联基因

近日,一项发表在Nature Genetics上的研究称,来自宾夕法尼亚大学医学院的科学家发现了2型糖尿病和心脏病共有的几个新的危险位点,对基因数据的大规模分析首先研究了2型糖尿病起因,又阐述了2型糖尿病和冠心病是如何产生关联的。

16个新的糖尿病基因

据悉,科学家通过对250000多人(来自南亚、东亚和欧洲)的基因序列信息进行全基因组关联研究(GWAS)分析确定了大部分已知的糖尿病“风险位置”,首次发现了16个新的糖尿病基因风险因素以及1个新的CHD基因风险因素,对基因组数据的进一步分析显示,大多数与2型糖尿病风险相关的已知基因位点与冠心病的高风险有关。

在其中的8个位置上,研究人员能够确定一种影响这两种疾病风险的特殊基因突变;其中7种基因变异会使患这两种疾病的风险增加;第8种基因变异与ApoE胆固醇转运蛋白质相关,它能够增加糖尿病风险,却降低冠心病风险。文章作者指出:这些共享的变异位点包含了一些新的途径,这些途径会影响免疫、心血管发育和细胞增殖。

发现潜在的药物靶标

通讯作者、宾夕法尼亚大学的生物统计学和流行病学副教授Danish Saleheen博士表示,2型糖尿病的患者死于冠心病的可能性是没有冠心病患者的两倍。发现这些与2型糖尿病和冠心病相关的基因突变体为使用单一药物降低这两种疾病风险提供了新的机会;这些基因组学数据应该有可能称为设计新药的证据,药物可用于治疗2型糖尿病,而对冠心病是有益的或者无影响的。

此外,如前文所述,第8种基因变异与ApoE胆固醇转运蛋白质相关,它能够增加糖尿病风险,却降低冠心病风险。因此需要找到并抑制能够降低糖尿病风险却增加冠心病风险的途径。

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    2017-10-10 liye789132251
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    2017-10-11 canlab
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    2018-02-24 cy0324
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    2017-09-10 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

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