Blood:治疗戈谢病再也不需要静脉注射了,口服酒石酸盐就可以

2017-04-28 MedSci MedSci原创

美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)于2014年9月批准了口服神经酰胺类似物的Eliglustat(酒石酸盐),用于治疗成人戈谢病患者。Cox等的报道的为期4年的跟踪研究,是迄今为止最大的使用Eliglustat(酒石酸盐)治疗戈谢病的随机临床试验。观察结果显示,4患者切换到使用Eliglustat(酒石酸盐)在4年内仍旧能够稳定各项生物体征,表明其药物的真正的有效作用。

在本期“血液”杂志上,Cox及其同事们报道了一项对157名成年1型(非神经性病变)戈谢病(Gaucher disease,GD)患者,在切换到口服酒石酸盐(eliglustat tartrate),一种葡萄糖脑啡肽合成酶(glucocerebroside synthase)抑制剂后,的临床试验结果。

这些病人在使用新药之前,每两周一次通过静脉注射重组葡糖脑苷脂酶(recombinant glucocerebrosidase),已经使其初始体征和症状保持稳定。切换到口服使用酒石酸盐后,可以保持长达4年的体征稳定性,各项体征都持续在正常值范围内,包括疲劳程度,和36项短期健康相关的生活质量指标。

戈谢病(Gaucher disease,GD),是一种常染色体隐性遗传性疾病,由于缺乏溶酶体中的葡萄糖脑苷脂酶活性所导致。 其主要底物葡萄糖脑苷脂(葡萄糖神经酰胺)是构成复合鞘糖脂(glycosphingolipids)的组成部分之一,其作用是组成细胞膜和各种受体。巨噬细胞在吞噬和回收衰老细胞和其他外来细胞元素的过程中,葡萄糖脑苷脂酶缺陷的溶酶体不能消化葡萄糖脑苷脂,葡萄糖基鞘氨醇等其他生物脂类,造成大量积累,从而造成免疫系统混乱,过免疫反应和炎症,抑制成骨细胞功能和骨形成, B细胞恶性肿瘤,包括骨髓瘤。虽然1型戈谢病通常被认为是非神经性病变,但即使是较小的葡萄糖脑苷脂酶底物积累也可能促使α-synuclein蛋白聚集,多巴胺能神经元(dopaminergic neurons)的消耗,路易体(Lewy body)形成,在老年病人中造成5%-10%罹患帕金森综合征的几率。

使用人工合成的重组的葡糖脑苷脂酶是治疗戈谢病的黄金标准。 目前在美国批准的3种产品有,imiglucerase(1995),velaglucerase alfa(2010)和taliglucerase alfa(2012),三者在氨基酸结构和糖基化方面略有不同,但在功效和安全性方面相似。 通过每两周静脉注射一次外源的葡萄糖脑苷脂酶增强了患者对于体内鞘脂的的代谢能力,从而恢复了鞘脂的体内平衡,使其本身的葡糖脑苷脂酶突变造成的细胞毒性减弱。

尽管如此,使用人工合成的重组的葡糖脑苷脂酶也有缺点。 终身静脉注射治疗会扰乱学校,工作和旅行。 高达15%的使用人工合成的重组的葡糖脑苷脂酶治疗的患者有时发展出抗体引起严重的输液反应。一些患者的骨质疏松症可能不会改善,特别是在老年患者中,可能会出现新的骨坏死和骨折发作,特别是在有脾切除史的患者中。 使用人工合成的重组的葡糖脑苷脂酶对中枢神经系统(CNS)和发生神经性病变戈谢病也无效。

由于这些限制,开发了具有能比人工合成的重组的葡糖脑苷脂酶疗法更广泛分布于不同组织的口服小分子药物被认为是下一代治疗方案。 其中的一个思路是从根源上抑制造成病变的底物的形成,比如通过抑制神经酰胺特异性葡糖基转移酶(ceramide-specific glucosyltransferase),来阻断葡萄糖脑苷脂的合成。





美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)于2014年9月批准了口服神经酰胺类似物的Eliglustat(酒石酸盐),用于治疗成人戈谢病患者。Cox等的报道的为期4年的跟踪研究,是迄今为止最大的使用Eliglustat(酒石酸盐)治疗戈谢病的随机临床试验。观察结果显示,4患者切换到使用Eliglustat(酒石酸盐)在4年内仍旧能够稳定各项生物体征,表明其药物的真正的有效作用。

原始出处:
Timothy M. Cox et al. Eliglustat maintains long-term clinical stability in patients with Gaucher disease type 1 stabilized on enzyme therapy. Blood 2017 129:2375-2383; doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-12-758409

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    2017-07-15 fusion
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    2017-04-30 hippoandxym1727

    第一次听说Gaucherdisease,学习了

    0

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    2017-04-29 lovetcm

    效果良好!

    0

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    2017-04-28 三生有幸9135

    学习一下

    0

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