Nat Immunol:研究发现影响肺癌患者存活时间的重要因素!

2017-06-20 枫丹白露 来宝网

近年来,免疫治疗是一种新兴的攻击肿瘤细胞的癌症治疗技术,吸引了大众的想象力。当它发挥作用时,结果是惊人的。但是,通常情况下,科学家们仍然不知道为什么这样作用。

近年来,免疫治疗是一种新兴的攻击肿瘤细胞的癌症治疗技术,吸引了大众的想象力。当它发挥作用时,结果是惊人的。但是,通常情况下,科学家们仍然不知道为什么这样作用。

出版于2017年6月19日的“自然免疫学”杂志,“拉霍亚过敏和免疫研究所”的研究人员发现,称为组织常驻记忆T细胞(TRM)的肿瘤中T细胞亚群是癌症患者之间的重要区别因素。他们的发现是从第一次大规模的努力中找出直接从患者肿瘤分离的细胞毒性T细胞的基因表达模式。

“系统地研究癌症患者的免疫细胞揭示了很多信息,”LJI副教授和William K. Bowes Jr.杰出教授Pandurangan Vijayanand博士与Christian Ottensmeier教授共同指导该研究。 Vijayanand补充说:“这可能是一个基准测试,以预测患者是否会对免疫治疗做出反应,并指导最可能有效的免疫治疗选择,这几乎像评估肿瘤免疫适应度。肿瘤浸润性T细胞的系统分析也将为他们的基础生物学提供新的见解,揭示新的潜在免疫治疗药物靶点。

科学家最初发现,当T细胞聚集在患者的肿瘤时,病人寿命更长。然而,随着时间的推移,他们发现T细胞失去热情,癌细胞占上风。在过去十年中,他们发现为什么:从肿瘤或其环境发出的抑制性分子信号削弱了免疫应答,使肿瘤细胞对免疫系统不可见。称为检查点阻断抑制剂的一类癌症免疫治疗药物可以使PD-1或CTLA-4成为两种已知的分子,这两种分子使癌细胞能够通过免疫系统生存和繁殖。

研究的第一作者Anusha-Preethi Ganesan博士说,“基于PD-1和CTLA-4的免疫治疗的挑战是,如果他们起作用,他们奇迹般地发挥作用,但他们只能在约30%的患者中有效。 “如果我们正在进行基于激活T细胞杀死肿瘤细胞的所有这些免疫治疗,那么知道这些T细胞的转录谱是什么,它们产生什么分子是非常重要的。

为了揭示一些患者看到很少或没有益处的潜在原因,并确定最有可能发生反应的患者,Ganesan利用先进的基因组学工具来定义使用癌症患者新鲜切除肿瘤的强大的抗肿瘤免疫反应的分子特征。把从41个头颈部肿瘤和36个未治疗的早期肺肿瘤分离的细胞毒性T细胞(CTLs)的基因表达谱与从相邻的正常肺组织分离的CTL相比较,Ganesan确定了不同肿瘤类型之间共享的分子指纹图谱,表明CTLs的广泛重编程浸润肿瘤组织。

除了其共享的分子特征之外,肿瘤浸润性CTL在与T细胞活化和已知免疫检查点相关的分子的表达中存在广泛差异。 “有很多异质性,这对免疫治疗有很大的影响,”Ganesan说。 “我们看到了传统的免疫治疗目标,但是它们在每一位患者中都没有表达,这意味着并不是每位患者都是目前可用于PD-1或CTL4-1的免疫治疗的候选者,所以拥有完整的转录谱对了解整个免疫网络的复杂性并确定新的目标是如此重要。”

有趣的是,表示存在组织常驻记忆T细胞(TRM)的基因表达模式对应于更好的抗肿瘤活性。689名肺癌患者独立队列中的大规模分析证实,肿瘤组织中高密度TRM细胞的患者存活时间明显延长,表明这些细胞在保护肿瘤复发方面发挥关键作用。

Vijayanand说:“任何时间你去除肿瘤,病人都是一个滴答作响的定时炸弹,有些人会复发,而其他人不会。” “我们的研究表明,这些组织常驻记忆细胞的存在是决定某人是否对癌症有有效的免疫应答以及其是否寿命更长的重要因素。”

原始出处:

Anusha-Preethi Ganesan, James Clarke, et al. Tissue-resident memory features are linked to the magnitude of cytotoxic T cell responses in human lung cancer. Nature Immunology (2017) doi:10.1038/ni.3775

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    2017-06-22 日月生辉

    多研究,多发现,全面提高疗效!

    0

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    2017-06-21 执迷不悔

    学习了

    0

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    2017-06-20 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

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