临床治愈,一生一试:PegIFNα-2a助乙肝患者获得最佳治疗目标

2018-12-03 李明慧 医学论坛报

葛某,男,28岁,个体户。患者10年前体检发现HBsAg(+)10年,间断肝功异常2年,未治疗。1个月前出现乏力、纳差、尿黄症状。

葛某,男,28岁,个体户。

主诉:1个月前出现乏力、纳差、尿黄。

病史资料

现病史:患者10年前体检发现HBsAg(+)10年,间断肝功异常2年,未治疗。1个月前出现乏力、纳差、尿黄症状。

既往史:无特殊。

家族史:母亲为HBsAg(+),外公死于肝癌(HCC)。

体格检查

神清,全身皮肤黏膜重度黄染,双肺呼吸音清,腹软,肝、脾肋下未及。

实验室检查

肝功能:丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)252 IU/L;总胆红素(Tbil)360.5 μmmol/L;血清白蛋白(ALB)32.3 g/L;

凝血酶原活动度(PTA):21.2%;

乙肝系列:HBsAg 340.81,HBsAb 0.8,HBeAg 0.27,HBeAb 21.2;甲、丁、戊肝抗体均为(-);HBV DNA:1.6 ×105/L (实时荧光PCR)。


病毒性肝炎,慢性重型,乙型
HBeAg(-)

讨论一

分析

药物的选择应综合考虑患者各方面的因素,包括病情、经济条件、治疗史、药物疗效等。

一项研究显示,对于HBeAg+患者,基线ALT水平大于2倍正常值上限且HBV DNA水平小于9 log10者经拉米夫定治疗24周后有54%的患者HBV DNA检测不到,而对于ALT水平大于2倍正常值上限的患者,其治疗24周后血清HBV检测不到的仅为34%。对于HBeAg-的患者,基线DNA水平小于DNA<7 log10者,治疗24周后,有81%的患者DNA检测不到;而对于所有参加研究的HBeAg-患者,同期HBV DNA检测不到的只有71%。

该研究证实,对于基线ALT水平大于2倍正常值上限且HBV DNA水平小于9 log10的HBeAg+患者和基线DNA水平小于DNA<7 log10的HBeAg-患者,优先选用拉米夫定治疗能取得很好的早期应答。拉米夫定治疗基线病毒载量中等水平的患者早期病毒学应答好。

治疗方案

根据本例患者的情况,最终选择拉米夫定100 mg/d给予治疗,并嘱随访。

第一阶段治疗

拉米夫定治疗4周,HBV DNA水平快速转阴,治疗12周,肝功能指标恢复正常。治疗24周,患者继续维持HBV DNA转阴及肝功能正常。根据拉米夫定优化治疗方案的推荐(图),在这种情况下继续拉米夫定单药治疗至96周,监测显示HBV DNA持续阴性、肝功能正常(表1)。


图 拉米夫定优化治疗方案

表1 拉米夫定治疗随访情况



讨论二

分析

在接受了拉米夫定治疗96周后,患者希望能够最终停药。核苷类药物通常需要长期甚至终生应用,而干扰素则是有限疗程的乙肝抗病毒治疗药物,有希望使患者达到临床治愈而停药。

此时患者的HBV DNA水平已被抑制,HBeAg为阴性,但HBsAg仍升高,这种情况属于聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a(派罗欣,PegIFNα-2a)治疗的优势人群。可考虑加用PegIFNα-2a治疗。

第二阶段治疗

给予患者拉米夫定100 mg qd 联合PegIFNα-2a 180 μg qw,联合治疗3个月,监测显示,患者HBsAg已大幅降低(表2)。

3个月后停用拉米夫定,改为PegIFNα-2a单药治疗。第24周,患者HBsAg水平已接近转阴,HBsAb开始出现;第36周,HBsAg消失,HBsAb阳性,获得HBsAg血清学转换(表3)。

表2 拉米夫定联合PegIFNα-2a治疗随访情况



表3 单用PegIFNα-2a治疗随访情况



讨论三

分析

在HBsAg消失后,一般建议进行一段时间的干扰素巩固治疗,再考虑停药。因此,本例继续给予患者PegIFNα-2a单药治疗,直至HBsAb大于200。第42周,HBsAb水平升高至1000。继而停药(表4)。

停药后随访24周结果显示(表5),患者HBV DNA水平持续阴转,肝功能持续正常,HBsAb持续阳性。患者获得了良好预后。

表4 单用PegIFNα-2a治疗随访表



表5 停药后随访表



小结

无禁忌证者获得治疗最高目标的策略首选是PegIFNα-2a。年轻、在应用核苷类似物治疗过程中有停药需求(尤其是HBeAg阴性)的患者,更应优先选用PegIFNα-2a替换治疗。在治疗过程中应严密监测生化和病毒学指标,并根据患者临床情况逐步实现最高目标。

本例患者年仅28岁,起始应用核苷类似物类药物进行抗病毒治疗,使病毒HBV DNA水平迅速下降、转阴,后加用PegIFNα-2a治疗使HBsAg降低。继而停用拉米夫定,改为PegIFNα-2a单药治疗48周,获得HBsAg血清学转换。最后巩固治疗3个月,停药。既达到了患者停药的愿望,又获得了良好的预后。

专家简介

李明慧教授

首都医科大学附属地坛医院肝病二科主任医师;首都医科大学医学博士,研究生导师。

中华医学会北京肝病学分会青年委员,中华医学会北京肝病分会乙肝学组委员,分子诊断学分会常务委员,亚太肝病联盟常务理事;北京自然科学基金评审专家,首都卫生发展科研专项评审专家,中华实验和临床病毒学杂志编委,中华临床医师杂志专家委员会青年委员,中国病毒病杂志等多家杂志审稿专家。

师从徐道振教授、谢尧教授,专业主攻方向为病毒性肝炎及其相关的发病机制、临床诊断和治疗。在各类肝脏疾病的诊断和治疗、特别是慢性乙、丙型肝炎和肝硬化的抗病毒治疗,重型肝炎的综合抢救治疗,肝硬化及其合并症的诊断和治疗等方面具有较高的水平。发表SCI论文10余篇,核心期刊论文50余篇。

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    2019-08-04 feather89
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    2018-12-05 bugit
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    2018-12-05 wleon8899

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