JAMA:左心耳夹闭术来了!

2018-02-07 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读房颤是最常见的心

房颤是最常见的心律失常类型,到2020年将影响330万美国成人。房颤增加血栓栓塞性卒中的风险。对于非风湿性房颤,近90%的卒中栓子来自于左心耳(LAA),这是因为房颤期间LAA的收缩功能不良,血液瘀滞和血栓形成。尽管口服抗凝剂能够有效地降低血栓栓塞性卒中的风险,只有一半的适合抗凝的患者使用了抗凝剂。并且,抗凝治疗增加出血风险,增加花费和患者的关注。抗凝使用率低以及房颤相关血栓形成很可能与LAA有关


房颤是最常见的心律失常类型,到2020年将影响330万美国成人。房颤增加血栓栓塞性卒中的风险。对于非风湿性房颤,近90%的卒中栓子来自于左心耳(LAA),这是因为房颤期间LAA的收缩功能不良,血液瘀滞和血栓形成。尽管口服抗凝剂能够有效地降低血栓栓塞性卒中的风险,只有一半的适合抗凝的患者使用了抗凝剂。并且,抗凝治疗增加出血风险,增加花费和患者的关注。抗凝使用率低以及房颤相关血栓形成很可能与LAA有关,这引起人们对闭合LAA(LAA occlusion,LAAO)替代抗凝治疗的兴趣,特别是不能耐受抗凝治疗的患者。

心外科手术期间夹闭LAA(LAA occlusion can be performed surgically,S-LAAO)已经被很多心外科医生采用。2项随机试验显示经皮LAAO不次于华法林,但是目前尚无S-LAAO的数据。此外,有报道显示不全S-LAAO会增加血栓栓塞的风险,这是因为LAA和左心房存在持续沟通。正是由于数据有限,美国和欧洲指南仅把S-LAAO作为IIb级推荐。因此,急需S-LAAO的安全性和有效性的研究数据。

2018年1月来自杜克医科大学的J. Matthew Brennan等在JAMA上公布了他们的研究结果,他们利用胸外科医师学会(Society of Thoracic Surgeons,STS)成人心脏外科数据库(Adult Cardiac Surgery Database,ACSD)回顾性分析了2011年到2012年间的数据,目的在于探讨心外科手术的老年患者联合采用S-LAAO和不采用S-LAAO的血栓风险。纳入标准包括年龄>=65岁的心脏手术(冠脉搭桥术、二尖瓣手术、或主动脉瓣外科手术)患者,同时合并房颤。这些患者分为两组,一组联合了S-LAAO,另一种未联合S-LAAO。随访到2014年12月31日。主要终点为3年随访中(根据医疗保险数据)因血栓栓塞(卒中、TIA或全身栓塞)再次住院。

10524例患者进行了外科手术(平均年龄76岁,女性39%,平均CHA2DS2-VASc 4分),其中3892例(37%)联合S-LAAO。总体来看,平均随访2.6年,5.4%发生了血栓栓塞事件,0.9%发生率出血性卒中,全因死亡率为21.5%,25.7%的患者达到了复合终点(血栓栓塞、出血性卒中或全因死亡)。

与未联合S-LAAO相比,S-LAAO与较低未调整血栓栓塞率(4.2% vs 6.2%)、全因死亡率(17.3% vs 23.9%)和复合终点率(20.5% vs 28.7%)有关,但是出血性卒中发生率没有差异(0.9% vs 0.9%)。逆概率加权调整后,S-LAAO与显著较低的血栓栓塞率(subdistribution HR, 0.67; 95%CI, 0.56-0.81; P < 0.001)和复合终点率(HR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.79-0.97; P = 0.001)有关,但是与出血性卒中率(subdistribution HR, 0.84; 95%CI, 0.53-1.32; P = 0.44)无显著关系。在出院时未采取抗凝治疗的患者中,与未联合S-LAAO相比S-LAAO与较低血栓栓塞风险有关(unadjusted rate, 4.2%vs 6.0%; adjusted subdistribution HR, 0.26; 95%CI, 0.17-0.40; P < 0.001);在出院时采取抗凝治疗的患者中,未见到这种关系(unadjusted rate, 4.1%vs 6.3%; adjusted subdistribution HR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.56-1.39; P = 0.59)。

最终作者认为,对于进行心外科手术合并房颤的老年患者,与未联合S-LAAO相比,S-LAAO与较低风险血栓栓塞再入院有关。这项发现支持联合采用S-LAAO,但是需要随机试验证实。

译者注:期待LAAOS III试验结果(NCT01561651)

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    2018-02-09 jxrzshh
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    2018-02-08 131****2916

    不错的文章值得推荐

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    2018-02-08 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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    2018-02-08 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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    2018-02-07 李东泽

    是很好的学习材料.不错.以后会多学习.

    0