Diabetes Care:遗传因素可能有助于识别“1.5型糖尿病”

2018-11-05 国际糖尿病编辑部 国际糖尿病

既往研究发现,成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(LADA)的最强遗传风险位点与1型糖尿病相同。然而,最新发表在Diabetes Care上的一项全基因组关联研究发现,2型糖尿病等位基因在LADA中也起着较弱的作用。

既往研究发现,成人隐匿性自身免疫糖尿病(LADA)的最强遗传风险位点与1型糖尿病相同。然而,最新发表在Diabetes Care上的一项全基因组关联研究发现,2型糖尿病等位基因在LADA中也起着较弱的作用。

美国费城儿童医院Diana L.Cousminer及其同事表示,LADA通常被非正式地称为“1.5型糖尿病”。LADA至少与儿童期发病的1型糖尿病一样常见,但由于其发生在不需要胰岛素治疗的成人中,经常被误诊为2型糖尿病。

研究者对2634例欧洲裔LADA患者和5947例对照人群的基因数据进行了分析,并将他们与2454例1型糖尿病和10 396例2型糖尿病成人患者进行比较。每个队列均进行全基因组基因分型,并在同一基因分型芯片上匹配病例与对照受试者。研究者对LADA与对照人群、LADA与1型糖尿病、LADA与2型糖尿病的受试者进行了全基因组关联研究,并使用连锁不平衡评分回归检测这3种疾病的全基因组遗传相关性。

结果发现,虽然LADA全基因组与1型和2型糖尿病均呈正相关,但研究者在LADA患者中观察到一种较强的“1型糖尿病样特征”。研究者还在已知的1型糖尿病PFKFB3位点观察到一种新的独立信号,这种信号编码了2型糖尿病的糖酵解和胰岛素信号以及自身免疫性疾病的炎症和自噬的调节器。他们进一步观察到LADA中关键的1型糖尿病相关的白细胞抗原单倍型频率衰减,这可能将儿童发病的1型糖尿病与LADA区分开来。

Cousminer指出,这项研究支持LADA是1型和2型糖尿病的混合体的观点,但并未解决精确定义这种疾病的最佳方法问题。正确描述LADA很重要,因为它可能决定患者是否接受最合适的治疗。她认为,更好地了解LADA的潜在遗传和生物学可能会带来新的治疗方法。LADA基因的相互作用可能会通过将更严重的自身免疫性糖尿病的发病推迟到成年,从而改变疾病进程。如果进一步研究能够揭示相关机制,可能会研发出治疗方法来延缓更严重疾病的发生。

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